The Civilization Of Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart

Civilization of Nigeria in Things Fall Apart Africa was always a savage place with no civilizations or so the white man thought. When the British first came to Africa to colonize it, the British writers wrote about how it was a savage land and had no makings of a civilization. That was completely wrong. A group of people cannot survive for thousands of years without some aspects of civilization. The novel Things Fall Apart (by Chinua Achebe) talks about and shows examples of all seven elements that make a civilization. Things Fall Apart shows some aspects of civilization such as religion, government, and social structure. In the novel, Achebe shows the Igbo culture is a fully functioning civilization. In the time that the novel took place, Nigeria had a religion in each of the villages. In Things Fall Apart, there was a Oracle of the Hills and Caves called Agbala. People from all around would go to Agbala to discover what their future was, and to consult with the spirits of their dep arted fathers. The priestess Chielo talked to the Oracle and asked it for guidance. Chielo told the villages the will of Agbala ,and she would take part in religious ceremonies. Agbala was the chief god of Umuofia but in other parts of Nigeria, the villages would have a different chief god. Also, every man in the village had his own personal god, and everyday he would pray to him. In the man’s obi, he would set up a shrine to worship his god ,and if he did something wrong or had a badShow MoreRelatedA Civilization Falls Apart Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagesculture to that of a semi-dignified European society. The novel Things Fall Apart by Nigerian-born author Chinua Achebe, tells the story of a Umuofian villager named Okonkwo, and how Okonkwo has to come to grips with the changes that are happening in everyday Ibo life. The novel Things Fall Apart is not your typical tall African tale. The novel is a story, a story not just about one person, but about an entire civil-society circa 1890s that becomes overwhelmed with the ideas and beliefs of the EuropeanRead MoreImperialism In The 19Th Century Resulted In European Countries1726 Words   |  7 Pagescountries.When Chinua Achebe published Things fall apart in 1958, a novel criticizing the European aspects of i mperialism, his aspiration was to teach readers that â€Å"their past-with all its imperfections-was not one long night of savagery from which the first Europeans acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(Chinua Achebe on the Role of the African Writer, 1964). Chinua Achebe helped change the western perception of African culture by using the characters and story of Things Fall Apart to give readersRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages who took their land for monetary gain. This was a dark period of time for Africans that live there. The U.S. Civil War and The Great Depression both can be related, in this instance, to how down their people were because of what happened. Chinua Achebe said it best, â€Å"I would be quite satisfied if my novels...did no more than teach my readers of their past...was not a long night of savagery from which the first European acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(qtd. in â€Å"Morning Yet† 45). In theRead MoreAchebe1599 Words   |  7 Pages Achebe’s Defense of The Ibo People in Things Fall Apart Option 1 The late Chinua Achebe is considered to be one of the most important voices in African literature. Born in colonial Nigeria in the 1930’s, Achebe joined the first wave of African writers who were determined to represent their country in a way that would truthfully depict the past and present. Before the arrival of the first wave writers, the history of pre-colonial Africa was portrayed as a place of barbarous activity. EuropeanRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1265 Words   |  6 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is markedly relevant to our current course of studies in World History, as it tells a story based on European Imperialism in Africa. Coming off the heels of our Imperialism unit, this post-colonial novel provides very helpful context on different civilizations’ perspectives throughout the Age of Imperialism; aside from analyzing death tolls, descriptions of conflicts, and names of countries, it was previously hard to envision what life was actu ally like during thatRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1094 Words   |  5 Pagesset out to change the typical Western views of African culture, but others have upheld these negative views of African culture. Through each of their novels, Alan Paton, Chinua Achebe, and Joseph Conrad approach the topic of African culture and Western views on it differently. Chinua Achebe shows through his book, Things Fall Apart, that he is disapproving of Western views towards African culture. This exchange happens while Okonkwo’s father is being confronted by a man to whom he owes money. â€Å"‘IRead MoreThe And Its Effects On The Culture1333 Words   |  6 PagesPut yourself in this situation: It s a particularly sunny day, and no cloud in the sky. It s a normal day to you, and your going about your business. Carrying out your everyday deeds, believing in the most precious things that you hold to yourself, and then something strange occurs. A shadow of change swoops over your head. Your everyday priorities don’t matter anymore, and your greatest beliefs and goals become your greatest burden. But this imaginary situation is just a mere reality to thoseRead MoreEnglish Paper998 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the Missionaries Coming to Nigeria In the book Things Fall Apart, the author Chinua Achebe gives the reader a privileged insight into the life of the Ibo civilization. Morals and beliefs of the Ibo people were major factors that were pointed throughout the book in many ways. The Ibo civilization is very rich in tradition, culture, and religion before the missionaries came to convert them to Christianity. The missionaries overlooked these features, and compared them as savages. TheyRead More The Inflexibility and Hubris of Okonkwo in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Inflexibility and Hubris of Okonkwo in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart This novel is the definitive tragic model about the dissolution of the African Ibo culture by Nigerian author, Chinua Achebe. Okonkwo, a great and heroic leader, is doomed by his inflexibility and hubris. He is driven by fear of failure. He had no patience with unsuccessful men. He had no patience with his father. Unoka, for that was his fathers name, had died ten years ago. In his day he was lazy and improvidentRead MoreChinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay examples1048 Words   |  5 PagesChinua Achebes Things Fall Apart The last chapter of Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart concludes with the sentence: He had already chosen the title of the book, after much thought: The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger. This refers to the District Commissioners chosen title for a book he has written that would have the African people, the Igbo tribe specifically, as the main subject. From the title itself, one can say that the writer has an unfavorable bias against

Compare and Contrast Country - 1978 Words

In the world today, corruption and integrity are widespread issues that plaque many countries around the world. Many countries have to face the possibility of government officials misusing their governmental powers for other purposes. â€Å"What constitutes illegal corruption may differ depending on the country or jurisdiction. Certain political practices may be legal in one place and illegal in another. In some countries, government officials have wide or not well defined powers. The line between legal and illegal can be very difficult to draw.† (Political corruption-Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) The two most corrupt countries in the world are Bangladesh and Chad. The first impression by the public and media is that the people†¦show more content†¦Corruption in Bangladesh. An Analytical and Sociological Study) The main cause of the trend for corruption in Chad is oil. The oil that is produced in Chad is the main source of revenue for this country. Yet, t his country is still poor. Many of the civic groups feel that oil wealth will be taken by the rich, warp the economy, and strengthen repression. There is not a trend of corruption present in Finland and Chad. Some officials feel that there will always be a possibility of corruption. There have been some known cases of corruption in both of these countries. The major difference between these four countries is corruption and integrity. Within the two poorest countries in the world, corruption is viewed as a way of life. The corruption is seen within the government, the legislative, and the judiciary. The problem in Chad is that the president wants to stay in power longer than what is constituted. The country of Chad isShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Brazil and China as Bric Countries1636 Words   |  7 PagesCurrently, economic world are more dynamic. Many developed countries such as European Union, US, and Japan as the largest economic are going to be overtaken by develop ing countries, particularly BRIC. BRIC stands for Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Those countries are growing rapidly and making contribution to the world economy as Goldman Sachs (2010) said, â€Å"Between 2000 and 2008, the BRICs contributed almost 30% to global growth in US Dollar terms, compared with around 16% in the previous decade†Read MoreContrast and Compare Approaches to Hrm Within Two Diverse Countries?2231 Words   |  9 PagesContrast and compare approaches to HRM within two diverse countries? Introduction Human resource management (HRM) means the activities of management in the employment relationship (Boxall and Purcell, 2003). The use of strategic HRM in an organisation helps function with its various activities like training n development, motivation, recruitment, employee selection, leadership, communication and reach their milestones. HRM strategy helps an organisation to focus on its micro-strategic issuesRead MoreCompare and Contrast / City Living vs. Country Living Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesCity Living vs. Country Living There are many advantages and disadvantages of choosing to live in the country or to live in the city. But the advantages of living in the country definitely outweigh the advantages of living in the city. In the city, public schools are often packed full of students resulting in larger class sizes and no real teacher student relationship. You would be lucky if your teacher could put a name to your face. Though, bigger schools in the city offer more courses forRead MoreCompare and contrast Hofstedes cultural dimensions of Australia and one other country2227 Words   |  9 Pagesto conflict between multinational corporations (MNCs) and its employees and, perhaps the broader society. Comparative studies of national culture across a large number of countries are limited because of the significant costs associated with data collection. A study by Geert Hofstede, using data collected in around 60 countries in the late 1970s, remains influential despite controversy over his methodology and interpretation of the findings. Through insight into a culture perspective, the essay analyzesRead MoreCompare and Contrast Your Native Country to the United States with Regard to Religion, Politics, S ocial Behaviour and Economic Conditions2523 Words   |  11 PagesCompare and Contrast your native country to the United States with regard to Religion, Politics, Social Behaviour and Economic conditions. Vimal Chandra Kaza, 1491430 EPS:Occup Purps-Sci Tech Professor Michael O’Toole Fairleigh Dickinson University â€Å"To me, it seems a dreadful indignity to have a soul controlled by geography.† ~George Santayana India and the United States of America are two of the world’s largest and prominent democracies. In the past few decades, they haveRead MoreCompare and Contrast Business Systems in Japan and China. Answer with Reference to Relevant Theories and Use Comparative Country and/or Corporate Examples.1868 Words   |  8 PagesQuestion Compare and contrast business systems in Japan and China. Answer with reference to relevant theories and use comparative country and/or corporate examples. Abstract The comparison and contrast of the business system between Japan and China Introduction In Japan much of its arts, languages, religion and culture are imported from China hence there are some similarity in both countries’ business system but over the centuries, Japan was able to convert this commonalities into differencesRead MoreCompare and Contrast Business Systems in Japan and China. Answer with Reference to Relevant Theories and Use Comparative Country and/or Corporate Examples.3017 Words   |  13 PagesCompare and contrast business systems in Japan and China. Answer with reference to relevant theories and use comparative country and/or corporate examples. Word count: 2,608 To understand the differences between Japanese and Chinese business systems we must first understand the meaning of a â€Å"business system†. A â€Å"business system† is a â€Å"methodical procedure or process, used as a delivery mechanism for providing specific goods or services to customers in a well defined market† (1). Unlike theRead MoreCritically Compare and Contrast the Major Cultural and Institutional Features and Predominant Hr Policies and Practices in the Following Regions/Countries: India and Nigeria2548 Words   |  11 PagesCritically compare and contrast the major cultural and institutional features and predominant HR policies and practices in the following regions/countries: India and Nigeria India and Nigeria, both have earned bilateral relations among them with the passage of time. Both the countries fought against British colonial system to get rid of British rule. Huge multi-ethnic and multi-religious society of these countries, which make them culturally diverse, has resulted in increased and strong bilateralRead More1. Compare and contrast business systems in Japan and China. Answer with reference to relevant theories and use comparative country and/or corporate examples. 2476 Words   |  10 Pagesallowed to trade and sell surplus products in rural area and small businesses are allowed in urban or city. This marks the start of the China’s Socialist market economy. As a result of the open door policy, Chinese economy grew from a third world country to the second largest economy of the world in less than four decades. (World Bank, 2014) Despite the great differences of these two economy, the fact that its governance and cultures are deeply influence by the id ea of Confucianism. (Chan, 1986) HerebyRead MoreCCOT And CC Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesAfrica Compare and contrast life in foraging societies with life in agricultural societies after the Agricultural Revolution Identify two key changes in early African history that resulted in a new period in the history of the region The Middle East Analyze the political changes in the Middle East from the Agricultural Revolution to 600 c.e. Compare and contrast the basic features of TWO of the following religious systems prior to 600 c.e. Polytheism Judaism Christianity Asia Compare the origins

Ms. Albanese and Sunflower Incorp. - 651 Words

Questions 1. How well did Ms. Albanese manage the pricing and purchasing changes at Sunflower? Albanese was not successful at managing the pricing and purchasing changes. However, she was able to pinpoint the problems at Sunflower Incorporated which included the lack of standardization. The proper strategies were not used in order to manage the change properly. She did not think the process the whole way through including managing and implementing the changes. 2. Describe how the changes were implemented successfully or not. Most importantly the biggest change that was not implemented successfully was the lack of communication. Another issue is that the change program was not effective. Ms. Albanese never received a pricing or purchasing report that was requested in her email from any of the regional managers. This goes to show and proves that the changes were not implemented successfully. 3. How would you find out information needed to analyze the success or failure of this change project? In order to analyze the success or failure of this change project I believe that feedback would need to be gathered from all of the regional managers. A survey could be mailed and or emailed to gain the appropriate responses. Since Ms. Albanese did not receive anything back from her email, incentives such as a discount or gift card could be given for the feedback received in a timely manner. This will increase the managers involvement for providing the information needed in order to

Reasons to Legalize Abortion - 1129 Words

Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy so that it does not result in the birth of a child. It is no secret the topic of abortion is widely debated. There are two main sides to this controversy: pro-choice and pro-life. Pro-choice supports the right of women to choose whether or not to go to full term with their pregnancy. Pro-life promotes the protection of the fetus, especially by outlawing abortion by equating it to murder. Yet pro-life advocates don’t take into consideration the emotional and physical damage to a woman who is forced to have a baby she may not want or be able to afford. Even a woman who uses birth control may become pregnant, because there is no birth control method that is perfect. Sometimes pregnancy can even be†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Belen is a girl with her entire life ahead of her and she requires protection, Bachelet said. That being said, the option of abortion, in this case, for rape, seems to be the right solution (Lopez). The gove rnment has refused to allow Belen to seek an abortion, so this child is being forced by her government to give birth to a child. What justice is being served to force this little girl to have her childhood further stripped from her, the first time by her attacker, and now by her government? Belen’s government has denied her basic human right to self-determination. The choice to carry a pregnancy to term should be considered a basic human right which all people deserve.. Abortion is linked to the right to an attainable standard of health, the right to privacy, the right to be free of cruel and degrading treatment and the right to make decisions about one’s reproductive health and life, as protected by international agreements. The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), was the first international human-rights treaty to explicitly mention family planning. At the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, 179 governments agreed that free and informed decision making about pregnancy and childbirth is a basic human right. In 1999, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly agreed that, â€Å"where abortion is not against the law, health systems should...ensure that such abortion is safeShow MoreRelatedShould Abortion be Legal?995 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates over time has been whether to legalize or not to legalize abortion. While some individuals remain hostile towards any move to legalize abortion, others citing a wide range of reasons strongly support the legalization of the same. In my opinion, abortion remains inherently wrong and there can never exist any justification whatsoever to warrant its legalization. Why Abortion should not be Legal To begin with, whichever way one looks at it, abortion essentially concerns itself with the prematureRead MoreWhy The Government Should Legalize Abortion1420 Words   |  6 PagesMohammadamin Malek Pour â€Å"Why the federal government should legalize abortion† In the United States, abortion is an issue that arises a lot of arguments not only among normal people but also among politicians from different political parties. There are two major views about abortion which are pro-life and pro-choice. Pro-life supporters basically state that no one can terminate a fetus and the fetus has the right to live. On the other hand, pro-choice supportersRead MoreLegalizing Abortion770 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing Abortion As the rate of abortion has rapidly increased for past several years, it has been an issue that everyone has thought about it at least once. Abortion is the deliberate killing of the weakest and most defenseless among us. There can be plausible reasons that they support abortion. However, I oppose to legalize abortion because not only that parents should accept the responsibility that comes with producing a child, but also it is highly risky for women both physically and mentallyRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1490 Words   |  6 Pages One of the most controversial debates nowadays is whether abortion should be legalized or not. Having used abortion procedures since 1550 BC, which had been accepted in ancient Rome and Greece without any critics regarding to morality, ethicality or religiosity. It has become a main point of public discussion and one of most banned acts in the last century. In the beginning of the 19th century, this technique was advertised as a legal practice in United States. However, in the early 20th an increaseRead MoreThe Legalization of Abortion: an Advantage Taken for Granted1619 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept applies with the issue of abortion. AbortionÂâ€" a procedure that deliberately removes a fetus in a womans wombÂâ€" has been a major issue tackled by numerous countries and worldwide society. It is a process of taking away a child before it is able to live in the outside world. Through the years, it has been a debatable topic being talked about by various sectors and individuals, even here in the Philippines. It is very controversial because of the valid reasons on both sides; either you are pro-choiceRead MoreThe Issue Of The Abortion1597 Words   |  7 Pagesissue There are about 31 abortions per 100 live births in Canada: 330,000 live births and 100,000 abortions each year. Top reasons for getting an abortion are: relationship issues, financial issues, ‘not being ready’, emotional issues, birth control failure, and genetic reasons. The abortion rate has increased each year. History of the issue Canada is currently one of few nations where no legal restrictions on aboritons exist today. It has been 143 years since abortion was first criminalized. TheRead MoreEssay about Research Proposal on Abortion758 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Project Proposal Topic: Abortion Psychology 101 Jasmine Payne Summary of Background Research Abortion is a controversial topic that has plagued the country for decades. Even after the 7-2 Supreme Court trial (Roe vs. Wade) made it legal for women to choose to get abortions. This decision was based off the right of privacy coupled with the agreement between the woman and the state. Due to this decision abortion rights vary from state to state, in fact, about 85% of United StatesRead MoreAbortion Is The Moral Killing Of A Human Being1712 Words   |  7 Pageshave different aspects towards abortion. Some may argue that abortion should be outlawed and treated like the murder of a human being while others believe abortion should remain a legal choice to all women. The ones who are for abortion have argued that women have a moral right to decide what to do with their own bodies. On the other hand, the ones against abortion like myself have argued that the fetus is a human being from the moment of conception. Therefore, abortion is the moral killing of an innocentRead MoreAborti on: Taking Human Life Essay738 Words   |  3 PagesABORTION Abortion is a controversial matter that is prevailing in our society. It is a very crucial and evil act that people could ever commit. Though it is unacceptable is our society, there are several countries had the legislations of abortion. Meaning, abortion is legal if the pregnancy is harming the life of the mother. However, people have misused this law. They do abortion simply because they do not want to have a baby. How ironic. The anti-abortionists are in defiance fighting againstRead MoreAbortion And Abortion996 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion, to those who approve of this method, call it a â€Å"choice†. But do we really have the right to determine who lives and who dies? Let alone babies who haven’t been given a chance or even a say in the decision. Is it really a choice we have the authority to make? From 1970 to 2013, there have been almost 52 million abortions. 52 million futures taken away. 52 million hearts broken. 52 million lives that were never given the ch ance to live. Abortion was illegal before 1973 and still should be

Gender, Masculinity, And Masculinity - 2484 Words

This paper is devoted to the research of masculinity, in particular, to the way men lead conversations, putting major focus on gossiping. For a long time they suggested that gossiping refers exceptionally to females, but the research proves that men gossips much more frequently than women, taking a great pleasure from this process. Masculine Gossips Introduction Conversations have always played a role of indicator of masculinity and femininity, especially when they talk about gossiping. Indeed, for a long period of time they were deeply convinced that gossips have no relevance with masculinity and with the image of a real man, claiming that gossips are associated exceptionally with women and their style of leading conversations. However,†¦show more content†¦The term masculinity is also called manliness or manhood, which refers to the qualities that are traditionally associated with men, according to the US and Oxford Dictionaries. Also, the term comprises both social and biological features, by which it is meant that masculinity can be defined according to some body features and social conduct, which includes tendencies in speech and conversations. Traditionally, manliness referred to toughness, courage, and independence, as well as to many other characteristics. In American culture, since the times of confederation, men were assoc iated with business, which actually affected a vision of male conversations. Therefore, it was unacceptable for men to talk for the sake of talk, but to turn this process into the way of earning money. Margaret Mitchell reveals in her novel â€Å"Gone with the Wind† an image of strong and wise American men, who lead conversations about politicians and economical life of the country, making their predictions of the future. These characters were submerged in business talks, while women had to chat about all things whatever they wished. According to the author, women should have not chat about business, make some complicated calculations, and express their personal opinion about political life of the country. Such stereotypes concerning masculine and feminine conversations were not accidental, as in that period social roles of both sexes were clearly

Matthew Arnold free essay sample

Matthew arrnold one of foremost critic of 19th century is often regarded as father of modern english criticism . Arnolds work as literary critic started with Preface to poems in 1853 . It is a kind of manifesto of his critical creed . It reflects classicism as well his views on grand poetic style . Arnold was classicist who loved art , literature and Hellenic culture . His most famous piece of literary criticism is in his essay The study of poetry . In this workhe talks about poetrys high destiny . He belives mankind will discover that we have to turn poetry to interpret life for us ,to console us ,to sustain us . Arnold lived in a materialistic world where advancement of science has led society in a strange darkneess . Importace of religion was submerged . People were becoming fact seekers . A gap was being devloped and Arnold belived poetry could fill that gap . In his words Our religion has materialized itself in the fact , and the fact is now failing it . We will write a custom essay sample on Matthew Arnold or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But for poetry the idea is everything ,the rest is world of illusion , of devine illusion . Arnold wrote without poetry our science will appear incomplete ;and most of what now passes with religion and philosophy will be replaced by poetry . He had definite aim in writing poetry . It was criticism of life By criticism of life he meant noble and profound application of ideasof life . He said poetry should serve a greater purpose instead of becoming a mere medium of gaining pleasure and appreciating beauty . According to him the best poetry is criticism of life , abiding laws of poetic truth and poetic beauty . By poetic truth he meant repersentation of life in true way . By poetic beauty he meant manner and style of poetry . He said poet should be a man with enormous experience . His intellect should be highly devloped by means of enormous reading and deep critical thinking . Arnold says poetry is an application of ideas to life . If the application of ideas is powerful the poetry will become great . He also lays emphasis on quality of high seriousness It comes with sincerity which poet feels for his subject. Many critics disagreed Arnold ,T. S. Elliot a graet poet himself disagreed his view by saying Arnolds view is frigid to anyone who has felt the full surprise and elevation of new experience in poetry . Arnold classic poets include Dante , Milton , Homer and Shakespeare . He quotes famous line of Milton Nor thy life nor hate ; but what thou livest Live well : how ling or short , permit to heaven . According to Arnold Geoffrey chaucer was not a classic poet as he lacked high seriousness . Arnold said poetry should deal with ideas not facs . Ideas should be moral . He said moral should not be taken in narrow sense . He says poetry of revolt against life ; a poetry of indifference towards moral idea is a poetry of indifference towards life .

The effect of globalization on marketing strategy and performance in an organization free essay sample

Empirical studies These studies explain on how globalization effects influence firm’s international marketing activities and performance. The empirical studies based on two studies which were investigated such as the effects of globalization on firm performance and examine the role of firms’ cooperation in alliances in enhancing their performance amid globalization by specifically focusing on co-marketing alliances and International marketing performance of firms. The two studies included in this dissertation are designed to study the relationships between these two effects of globalization on firms’ performance and their international marketing cooperation and performance. The following are the different scholars tried to explain on how the globalization affect the area of business. According to (Deardorff and Stern, 2002; Jones, 2002; Orozco, 2002; Richmond, 2002),dramatic changes in the business environment that cause shifts in business conduct and marketing activities of firms around the world include, for example, the emergence of global markets for goods and services, labour, and financial capital, advances in technologies, and a reduction in traditional barriers to trade and investment. We will write a custom essay sample on The effect of globalization on marketing strategy and performance in an organization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These changes have resulted in two significant globalization effects such as the emergence of global market opportunities and threats which are the two most often cited effects in globalization related literature (Contractor and Lorange, 1988; Fawcett and Closs, 1993; Hitt, Keats, and DeMarie,1998; Molle, 2002). Due to the emergence of global market opportunities and global market threats, firms have been forced to respond quickly to these effects. Unlike other environmental changes, the effects of globalization are far more pervasive affecting every individual, business, industry, and country (Garrette, 2000). The environment surrounding business today is characterized as a â€Å"hypercompetitive† environment a faster and more aggressive competitive environment (D’Aveni, 1994; Harvey and Novicevic, 2002). Major forms of business restructuring in response to the dramatic changes brought by globalization include, for example, investments in new technologies, downsizing and reengineering, the formation of strategic alliances and networks, and a shift from international and multinational to  global and transnational strategies(Jones, 2002). Since the effects that global market opportunities and threats have on firm performance are almost unexplored, on the one hand, it is suggested that global market opportunities enable firms to access worldwide resources and expand into many new overseas markets; thus, enhancing firm performance (Hafsi, 2002; Jones, 2002; Levitt,1983; Shocker, Srivastava, and Ruekert, 1994) and on other hand global market threats can be destructive to firm performance due to an increasing number of competitors and an increase in intensity of competition coupled with higher market uncertainty (Eng, 2001; Fawcett and Closs,1993; Hafsi, 2002; Jones, 2002; Levitt, 1983; Sanchez, 1997). The fact that globalization is affecting business is undeniable since we have witnessed remarkable changes in the business environment that have caused transformations or alterations in business conduct and marketing activities of firms around the world. To achieve superior marketing performance in the globalization era, firms need to manage relationships with partners, customers, and different parties in the value chain (Webster, 1992). As a result, there has been an increasing trend towards more cooperation among firms (Evans, 2001; Hoskisson,Hitt, and Ireland, 2004).