Db4 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Db4 - Research Paper ExampleEmployees like receiving feedback regularly consequently it is very crucial for the manager to constantly provide feedbacks to the employees. Feedbacks help to solve problems before they become excessively complex (McKirchy 2008, 92).Managers mustiness engage the employees during paygrade of their performance. Managers must regularly talk to the employees throughout the year during the evaluation process. The engagement must be mutual aimed at reinforcing employees development. Improvement of performance judgment also entails employ employees self-appraisal before the performance appraisal. This makes performance discussion easier since both the employee and the manager have ideas of the forthcoming discussions.According to lawyer (2007, 122), effective performance appraisal must trust the employees to perform the correct thing. Performance goals are detailed in performance appraisal but the most important factor is how to set the goals. The manager must set goals in a way that trusts and reinforces employees ability to accomplish the set goals. Performance appraisal must support empowerment of employees and their ability to accomplish the necessary steps of accomplishing the set goals. The manager should work through the above five steps in order to improve the value of performance

Identity theft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Identity theft - Essay ExamplePersonal data a want Social security number, credit card number, bank account, etc. are not unique like for instance fingerprints and can be mis intaked when they fall into the wrong hands. In the United States many batch have suffered huge losses on account of unauthorized persons withdrawing funds from their bank or fiscal accounts and very often these persons who have stolen the identity have committed crimes and run huge debts using the victims identity. In short a criminal can use an individuals identity to commit a wide range of crimes such as fraudulent withdrawal of money from banks, hand for credit cards and loans, fraudulent use of telephone calling cards, or buy goods or work which might not have been possible if the criminal had used his namehurry respond to spam or unsolicited email that request identifying data in the pretext of offering some benefits. hither people do not realize that in many of such cases the person who has reque sted for own(prenominal) information has no intention of passing on any benefit to them. However Internet is not the only source. Misplaced or stolen wallets containing credit cards or other individual(prenominal)ised information, stolen laptops again containing personal data can prove easy targets for identity thefts. To prevent any kind of fraudulent use of ones identity one must have a security policy and certain(prenominal) guidelines in place about what personal information should not be given to third parties specially through electronic means like the email. The guidelines to be followed are 1) There should be no personal or financial details in any of the emails sent. 2) Open only those mails that have come from cognize persons or trusted parties. 3) All suspicious mails should be reported to the concerned authorities. 4) Online passwords must be changed frequently and passwords that can be easily be hacked, such as those related to birthdays and

Cultural Similarities and Differences of Hip-hop in the U.S. and Essay

Cultural Similarities and Differences of rosehip-hop in the U.S. and France - Essay ExamplePrice added that articulatio coxae hop is a thought-provoking music contained therein is the culture and sentiments of the displaced minorities. Considering the emergence of Hip Hop in various Western countries, this paper focuses on the Hip Hop culture in the U.S. and France. Accordingly, this paper contends that the central similarity of Hip Hop culture in both countries lies in the representation and ways of looking at of the minorities, regardless of the range of differences, which lies in the different ways in which the displaced minorities attempt to reconstruct themselves. Similarities Primarily, the Hip Hop culture in the U.S. and France is a product of the Liberation Movement that attempts to emancipate minority groups from social and ethnic displacement, particularly the Afro-Americans. Relatively, the Afrocentric themes of the American and French Hip Hop create the relatedness o f the American and French Hip Hop. Hip Hop develops in the U.S. and France in the same time frame, which is during the 1970s-1980s, and the said music genre serves as a medium of expression for the displaced minorities and immigrants, particularly the youth in their attempts at social integration (Marshall 570). The movement aims to contain cultural minorities, such as Afro-Americans and Latinos, with the mainstream society without prejudice (Price 1).

Education Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Education 1 - Assignment guinea pigThe majorities of the schools have deserted conventional means of exchange of ideas and made to order techniques that are based on knowledge and technology. Nearly every one of the schools has made use of network based exchange of ideas systems. In these circumstances, the schools create use of computers and sets of connections to be in touch with families. The schools also use constituency web sites to be link up with families and other citizens (Kowalski, 2010). In addition, the schools have employed electronic newsletters to help improve discourse with other concourse in the society. Like other schools, my school uses different types of technologies to impart with families. First, the school uses district web sites to communicate with families (Kowalski, 2010). The district administrators have developed a wide range of web sites that schools and families can use to interact. The schools rank information on the websites and then the famili es access the information. The websites have been created well to let families and society members browse the sites. In addition, the sites nominate available areas where the families can mail their commentary. With the exception of using websites, the school makes use of electronic newsletters to make a statement with them. The school managers and administrators send electronic messages to parents. The school makes cards which are forwarded to parents. The techniques mentioned have been happy as indicated by good fellowship between the school and parents. The school has been capable to work mutually with the parents to make better learners performance and the general presentation of the education (Kowalski, 2010). Computer technology associations are pregnant to schools and regions as they assist in making accurate announcement to parents and the society. Schools require directing the produce, media outlets and electronic messages so as to advertisement positive relationships. Technology association procedure assists schools in the progress of their technology associations and improves their association with people and parents. Majority of the schools have not adopted good technology associations and this has interfered with communication with parents and society. Schools can make use of different methods to better their media associations and the school system (Kowalski, 2010). The specialized discipline of planned public associations offers a lot of remuneration to organizations. It assists them avoid and alleviate crises. Additionally, it also permits them to recognize and direct issues that may get in the way with their goals. It also allows them in structuring and maintaining quality associations with planned societies. 3. School administrators ought to encourage exposed announcement so as to be capable of developing constructive relations and improving partnerships. Most of the education centers are not capable to uphold open exchange of ideas, and this affects media relationship deficiently. The administrators of these schools should hold up free communication so as to develop high-quality relationship with press journalists (Kowalski, 2010). The managers and administrators of the schools should support empowerment. They must approve the press force out and extra people involved. Through motivating the press, human resources and other community members assist in easement the association betwe

Marriage Traditions- Indian, Chinese Cultures Essay

Marriage Traditions- Indian, Chinese Cultures - Essay ExampleStated another way, it is an eye to the culturally relativistic foundations of man and wife traditions in Chinese and Indian cultures that a proper perspective of the marriage traditions in those twain cultures can be properly had. It is not absolutist in that it does not try to judge the ethical motive and morals of the marriage traditions of the two cultures, but views them from the standards and principles within the cultures that gave rise to and which continue to promote the marriage traditions (Fluehr-Lobban, 1995 Geertz, 1984 Donnelly, 1984 Hodes, 1985 Polisi, 2003 Moschetti, 2005). In. mainland China the major form of marriage is one where families gave away their female children for marriage to other families when the girl comes to marrying age, ordinarily as early as at puberty, and the girl then goes on to live in the husbands family home, to then become a part of that family. To fill that gap left by the ge t married girl, the family then made space for when one of their sons took wives. This is the fundamental marriage arrangement that allowed for the addition and subtraction of members of househ obsolescents establish on time-honored traditions in Chinese culture, and certainly prior to China turning Communist, under the old dynasties. On the other hand, the literatrure also notes that some alternate forms of marriage also formed part of the marriage traditions of China, and those include marriage arrangements where a girl is given up for adoption at birth or at a very early age, to a family.

The hood and its influence on youth culture Essay

The hood and its influence on youth culture - Essay ExampleHollywood movies frequently reflect the life in South Central Los Angeles and paint a picture in the minds of viewers about such stereotype but the media perhaps makes the bigger impact in such intelligence because of the reliability of the information given and the actuality of things that are reported. The media oft show the poor neighborhood which is prone to lashing events due to the obvious inequalities and the abuse of workers resulting to fights. Looking at the history of south Central L.A., proposition 13 can be blamed for what is happening at the ghetto. The proposition cut funding for California libraries, universities, childrens programs, parks, playgrounds, and perhaps most importantly, its public schools (Corwin, 174). This resulted to even worse quality of living conditions among the poor because the funds for bread and butter and repairment of facilities were not enough. In relation to this, the low fundi ng of schools have been affected by the twist of prisons. It could be said that the priorities of the government have not been well-balanced. It is ironic that more money was spent on prisons when the more important institutions that could have helped the people stay away from the jails should have been given top priority. Instead, the call for opposite happened. Corwin says that, From 1984-1995, California built nineteen new prisons but the state has not built a new university campus in almost thirty years (175). Considering this situation, had there been great efforts to construct schools or improve those which already existed, more children could have been molded in a better environment. In effect, there would be no need to construct more jails if there was a better plan for the people that bring forward them and show that there is a hope for a better tomorrow for the poor. Moreover, there is the three strikes rightfulness which demands more prisons to be built. The law is sa id to force more prisoners to stay in jail for a minimum of twenty five years to life even for petty offenses. The long period of penalisation for offenders increases the number of prisoners at a faster rate and thus requires the government to build more prisons. new(prenominal) factors that affected the situation in the ghetto were the Watts riots which caused most white residents to flee the area. Then there was the fair caparison legislation which allowed middle-class Blacks to move to better environments leaving the unemployed, single mothers, elderly and the welfare cases behind. Such groups of helpless and helpless people were joined by Latinos who fled their country due to worse political situations. The competition for a low paying job among Blacks and Mexicans is high and is making their lives more difficult. With the struggles that they are going through, the people often result to violence to express their cry for their rights however such actions make the situation e ven worse. interest out Corwins logic, the condition of schools should first and foremost be made a top priority for the government because this can be an instrument in the making of better citizens. The improvement of such institutions should be well-funded so that quality service will be given to the people. Teachers should be paid well so that they will stay in the ghetto even after years of experience. Volunteer and substitute teachers may be accepted but they should not be the ones largely making up the faculty of the schools. The people, whether Whites, Blacks or Latinos, should be given equal

Processes for the study of tissues Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Processes for the study of tissues - Lab Report grammatical casei) For hardening to occur it is necessary to dehydrate the tissue as paraffin wax used as an embedding substance is immiscible in water. Dehydration is done by passing the tissue sample finished very high concentrations of ethanol.ii) Histo-clear is a clearing substance which offers rapid clearing at a slump cost. It has in any case offered a way out of the adverse effects of breathing xylene while preparing slides. It also offers the tissue the right amount of hardness and produces better staining.iii) Unstained tissues lack inherent contrast and thus it is almost impossible to clearly view them in any microscope, be it light or electron.iv) Nuclei ar stained blue while cytoplasm is stained pink) Periodic Acid-Schiff stain is used to detect contrasting carbohydrates. Periodic acid oxidizes diol group forming aldehydes which on reaction with Schiff stain gives purple-magenta color. Duodenum contains an abundance o f goblet cells which induce a very high percentage of mucus containing glycoprotein. This will results in a purple-magenta color on staining with periodic acid Schiff stain.At any instance, the person should be respected whether the research is for new medical examination treatment or studying people habits. The autonomy should be foremost respected. Research should maximize benefits and minimise harms. In addition to this independent panels should be established who shall first review the research methodology and think the benefits and harms to humans. Most importantly any kind of deception should be avoided at all costs.

Scholarly paper schizophrenia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Scholarly paper dementia praecox - Essay ExampleA holistic approach has to be adopted in the treatment of this civilise. Although schizophrenia can non be cured, its symptoms can be considerably mitigated by medication with antipsychotic drugs. To a significant extent, this condition is genetic. However, it is also caused by stress, corrupt of drugs and trauma. Schizophrenia Introduction This work deals with the disorder of schizophrenia and the methods of dealing with the problem. Initially, clinical features of the disease were taken up for a discussion. Subsequently, implications of the disorder were discussed. Moreover, the psychopathology of this ailment had been analysed. In this picture, role of the health c ar professionals in implementing the pathologic interventions related to the patient, had been examined. Thereafter, the impact of the disease on the psychological condition of the patient were examined. The extant medical treatments and their strong point have bee n analysed. Pharmacological treatments, and psychological interventions provided by the health professionals, as a part of the treatment of this disorder, were taken up for a brief discussion. Subsequently, genetic issues relating to the problem were examined. Finally conclusions were arrived at stating that family support and psychological interventions are essential, n addition to the available medical treatments, in containing the degenerative disorder schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a condition that can be correlated to many factors, and constitutes the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although the acquire causes of this disorder have not been established, it is now evident that some of the genetic conditions have a causative relationship with schizophrenia, as depicted in the research conducted by Tandon, Keshavan, and Nasrallah. This can be established by family, twin and adoption studies (Tormoehlen & Lessick, 2011, p. 486). Individuals afflicte d with schizophrenia exhibit excess mortality, in comparison to the general population. either the same, several of the people with this disease will survive and suffer from it in their later life. This makes it clear that schizophrenia among the old will emerge as a major public health issue in the future. Consequently, treatment of schizophrenia that is based on evidence will become a major issue, with regard to the older patients. All the same, the absence of adequate data to guide the selection of antipsychotics for those suffering from schizophrenia in their later life (Suzuki, et al., 2011, p. 961). There is an absence regarding the essential criteria necessary for arriving at a diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, on that point is consensus regarding the general clinical aspects of this syndrome (Tandon, Nasrallah, & Keshavan, 2009, p. 3). Clinical Features of Schizophrenia Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia have a higher mortality rate, in comparison to the normal popul ation. Even though these heightened mortality rates seem to be on an change magnitude trend, many of the patients afflicted with schizophrenia survive until old age and continue to suffer from the disorder. Hence, geriatric schizophrenia needs to be addressed in the near future, as one can expect the soma of patients affected by it to increase substantially (Suzuki, et al., 2011, p. 662). Patients affected with an early onset of schizophrenia and who do not show adequate

In your opinion, and according to your own personal definition of Essay

In your opinion, and according to your own personal definition of feminism, how has feminism helped or hurt our confederacy over the past thirty years - Essay Examplelast thirty years it has helped society by creating greater equality for women in the workplace, normalized their position in politics, and shifted general stereotypes.One of the most impactful areas in which feminism has benefited society is in the workplace. While by 1980 women had greatly left behind the entirely manly dominated culture of the 1950s, one recognizes that there was up to now great disparity between men and women ofttimes of which still exists today in lesser forms. Today, however, individuals such as Sheryl Sandberg, the Chief Executive Officer of Facebook, hasten make staggering contributions to the employment world. Additionally, salaries for women have increased progressively. Ultimately these changes benefit society in that more of our best and brightest minds can find equal access to employm ent and thus make contributions to the greater good. some other prominent area where feminism has contributed to society is in the political arena. Since 1980 there has been also an increase in the amount of women running and holding political office. While a woman still hasnt been elected President or become misdeed President of the United States it seems that feminism has greatly paved the look for this in the near future. One considers that the last Presidential election featured Sarah Palin as a Vice Presidential candidate. Additionally, for a period during the primaries Hillary Clinton was a front-runner for the Democratic nomination. Although its clear the country still has a ways to go before females gain complete equality in this arena, it seems that feminism has made significant contributions over the last thirty years.In addition to employment and politics, feminism has also been roaring in changing stereotypes surrounding women. Women have received a large amount of cr iticism for creation overly emotional and not implementing logic or rationality to the same extent as men. such stereotypes have been used to oppress them in the workplace and political

Raising the Ante Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Raising the Ante - Case Study utilizationThe cost of reimbursement of women within the buckram needs be analysed in relation to the financial situation of the sign. The anguish of these women in relation to gender discrimination is important to be evaluated (Shaw, 419).As a board share within the firm accommodating the views of Ms. Warren would impact on the performance of the firm. Additionally, is considered as being chic for the firm to compensate the employees in terms of salaries for the present discriminations since the board is non accountable for the past discriminations that were levelled to women by a different board. Hence as a board member my decision would be for the firm to make compensations in terms of salaries for the present discrimination of women in the firm (Shaw, 419).In relation to the character study the board members are facing an ethical dilemma. The ethical dilemma involves a conflict among the mental ethics and moral obligations. Discrimination in terms of gender is morally wrong and not accepted globally. Discrimination within the workplace leads to demotivation thereby affecting the productivity of the firm. The ethical issues in the lesson study relates to unequal treat of workers within the firm. The theory of egoism by Adam Smith is ground upon the premise that the goodness or badness of something is founded upon the satisfaction of the needs of individuals. In this case the actions of Ms. Warren canister be considered as being right due to the fact that it would bring benefits to herself and other employees in the firm (Shaw, 420).Ms. Warren presentation to the board was based on the impression that the other employees in the firm back up her proposal. However, in real sense that was not the case as other employees in the firm were of the creed that the readjustment of salaries was unfair and were willing to forget the past and concentrate on the present. Therefore through her sham impression that Ms. Warren pres ented

Economical crisis facing the banking Industry Essay

Economical crisis facing the banking Industry - Essay ExampleHowever, both(prenominal) revenue comes from banking charges among other sources. The banking sector has developed receivable to some favorable factors the like outgrowth in population, hence customers, Good interest rates as stipulated by the central bank, improved security, advanced banking technologies and increase in banking professionals among other factors (Morr 2009). However, the same sector is compromised by some frugal factors like the spherical financial crisis, increase unemployment rates and unstable interest rates among other factors. This work focuses on some of the economic crisis facing the banking industry. Different types of banking have polar economical challenges. This work will consider both the retail and the mobile banking systems. The financial crisis is one of the major limitations facing the banking industry. It is defined as a situation where a certain banking institution in not in a capa city to run its operations due to lack of sufficient cash. Financial crises come in different forms, for instance, currentness crises, where in that respect is insufficient currency in a certain nation (Angelides 2011). Here the banking institutions be forced to operate in different currencies which might be expensive in the long run. Bank crisis on the other hand applies if a certain bank has insufficient funds to lend its customers and pay its employees among other statutory obligations. Then there is the twin crisis which is a combination of currency and bank crises. Currency crises may result from unfavorable inner or external factors. A calamity or disaster like war and earthquake is promising to limit internal business operations which may lead to fall of economy in that nation. The area will have to pay more for its imports and this could lead to reduced currency. Cutting ties with super power nations like U.S may also compromise the strength of a certain currency. Bank crises on the other hand, are subject of both micro and macroeconomic elements. A bank is likely to lack sufficient funds to perform its obligations due to bankruptcy, business merges this is a scenario where a bank loses its business control on forming coalition with another business entity, or nationalizing the entire banking sector or a section. Global financial crisis left-hand(a) some huge France and U.S banks with suspended bonds due to incapability to do the valuations due to the frozen market. The banking default levels increased and this hiked the interest rates by an estimate of 5%. Global financial crisis (2007) limited the operations of the banking sector. The U.S legislators by President George W. Bush authorized financial institutions to provide some unsecured loans to the U.S citizens who wished to construct their own residential facilities. The problem arose when the citizens or real estate sectors failed to repay the loans (loan defaulters). The crisis affected t he banking sector on a global scale. Although the government directed some state funds to settle the loans, the financial facilities adopted some strategies to call back such loans. The central bank hiked interest rates for more revenues (Proctor 2000). This had some negative implications with the banking customers. Several agencies and businesses stop operations waiting the interest rates to fall. Some opted to seek financial assistances from a micro - finance industry whose interest rates were not greatly affected. The crisis made some financial institutions close their operations for the lack of adequate finances. The banks had insufficient funds to loan its customers and even pay the employees. President Bush tell for a committee comprising chief economists and financial managers to suggest for

Post Anaesthetic care course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

bet Anaesthetic care course - Essay ExampleOn arrival at the ward I learnt that the ward was checked and stocked up by night staff and signed in the logbook. currently after starting my shift our first patient was wheeled to a bay by champaign staff. I put on personal protective equipment and approached the patient. I connected the patient to the monitoring and their blood hose to the central oxygen.I learnt from the anaesthetist that the patient Mrs Brown (not her real name) hemiarthroplasty of her right hip operation under general, plus regional anaesthetic. She was in theatre for almost two hours and was stable throughout the operation. Mrs Brown is a 72 years old lady of 57kg, had a fall two days ago that fractured her deal of femur. Her medical history was dementia, untreated hypertension (high blood pressure) and high cholesterol. She had no-known allergies and was not taking any weak drugs except painkillers when needed. In theatre she induced with sevoflurane, was give n a fascia-iliac nerve block 100 mcg Fentanyl intravenously on induction, 100 mg Propofol, 30 mg Rocuronium, 4 mg Ondansetron, 3.3 mg Dexamethasone, 50 mg Cyclizine , 75 mg Voltarol, 1 gr Paracetamol, 10 mg Morpheine and Glycopyrronium Bromide 0.5mg and Neostigmine Metilsulfate 2.5 mg at the end of surgery.The theatre nurse estimated blood loss of 500 millilitres. The patient had two Bellovac drains in situ that were unclamped and had started compendium in theatre, and the wound was dressed using a Mepilex dressing.A- Airway - the patients airway was patent. She had an oropharyngeal (Guedel) airway used as a bite block surface 2 (green), and an endotracheal tube size 7 in situ connected to a water circuit and to 10L central oxygen. The bag was moving, and the endotracheal tube was misting.B- quick - Mrs Brown was breathing spontaneously. Her respiratory rate was 12 per minute and shallow in depth, bilateral air entry was present with equal chest

Headlines have made board diversity one of the key issues in corporate Essay

Headlines have made board change one of the nominate consequents in corporate governance today, analyse the composition of the board of - Essay ExampleThe move was prompted by the fact that although organizations sought to include women in non- executive director appointments, there were little or no improvements in having women in executive posts (Treanor 2013). According to Neville and Treanor (2012), although the figure of speech of women in non-executive positions is on the rise, there is a stubbornly low number in senior management. Although some organizations have heeded to the call to have about 40% of the boardroom lay held by women, Norway which is ranked first has achieved about 35% non-executive directors after the government ordered firms to include women through and through quotas. In the get together States, there are only 20 of the 500 S&P lead companies being led by women chief executives. Despite leading in the high number of women executives, the United States is not governed by quotas unlike European countries where board quotas have seen few young-bearing(prenominal) senior leaders and few chief executives. Joecks, Pull & Vetter (2012) highlight that despite the increase in the percentage of women in the men over years there is a lag in the presentation of women in boardrooms as female directors. In addition, Joecks, Pull & Vetter (2012) note that the presentation of women in boardrooms fall behind in Europe owe to imposition of women quotas for countries like Norway, Netherlands, and France among others. The issue of inconsiderate female presentation in boardrooms is not just an issue without a cause. Joecks, Pull & Vetter (2012) reveal that fostering high female presentation in boardrooms is associated with either forbid firm performance or positive performance. According to Treanor (2013), most companies have either a male-dominated boards or are all-male boards. The move to seclude women has long been attributed to the fact that males have had the right skills and attributes which could not be represent in their female counterparts (Howard, 2013). However, time has changed this rule owing to the fact that more women have taken up education and have the potential to take up executive roles in organizations and promote high performance. Howard argues that organisational management should not be treated as one-size-fits all and hence the need to consider novelty in the boardroom and more so sexual urge diversity (2013). In addition, companies are needed to do away with governance regimes that do not meet the needs of the market, and changing times (Treanor 2013). Owing the earnestness of the issue, Treanor (2013), reveals that organizations are required to follow Lord Davies proposal in 2011 February which required that all companies to allocate 25% or a quarter of the boardroom seats to women. According to Joecks, Pull & Vetter (2012), the issues of women being underrepresented in boards is not only an is sue in Germany but also internationally. According to Adams, Gray and Nowland (2013), the attainment of gender diversity in boardrooms has been a hard task especially where organizations have been left to voluntarily handle executive appointments. This is because, most organizations have always considered appointing male executives at the expense of women. In this regard, women have faced injury and inequality in much(prenominal) appointments thereby remaining disadvantaged. This meant that, female directors have had discrimination and no efforts had changed such culture in organizations. Recently, the issue of boardroom gender diversity is of great focus and has seen countries impose gender quotas with the aim of improving firm performance

International Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International phone line - Assignment ExampleThis includes some grants to support your invest in united Arab emirate as well as offering advice on export and import regulations. Additionally, we bring forth qualified professionals who atomic number 18 well knowledgeable in United Arab Emirates telecommunication commercialise (Theodore, 2003). These professionals volition help your in venturing into our market. Moreover, we will work together in licensing and franchising your business sector in United Arab Emirates. We will as well introduce you to United Arab Emirates licensing department for registration. We will also engagement our franchising experiences in United Arab Emirates to popularize our fit suppose. To ensure our colligation venture is success and productive, we are committed toward to offering adequate and qualified charge team. In reference to this, we can offer management contracts in accordance to our agreement. The purpose inviting your for a joint ventur e is to have scope in world(a) market. As a matter of fact, increased levels of world(a) marketing contestation have become a big challenge at all stages of engagement in external market (Svante and Goran, 2009). Changes in global market and most specifically in United Arab Emirates have led to the emergence of increased competition pressure at all enthronization levels. As a result of this, it is important for multinational companies to have market in as many global markets as possible (Hollensen, 2011). Due to this, accepting our joint venture will increase your chances of venturing in United Arab Emirates market with in truth limited restrictions. For our joint venture to be effective in the current competitive global market, we are planning to have exclusive quality products that will outdo other products in the outside(a) market (Kotabe and Helsen, 2004). On the other hand, prices of our products will vary from one market location to another in United Arab Emirates. The co st will compute on the expenses incurred in developing the product, delivery cost and the nature of the market. We will use our business outlets to market our joint venture products in United Arab Emirates. To ensure our products are popular in the market, we will use our companys popularity in United Arab Emirates to popularize our joint venture (Philip and Kotler, 2005). Currently, there are very many business opportunities and benefits in United Arab Emirates. To start with, the government is encouraging and sponsoring foreign direct investment (Modayil, 2010). There are some subsidies such as tax exemptions granted to companies which have the interest of expanding their business in United Arab Emirates. There are also cheaper wages in the country which serves as incentives for international companies to gain free access to the country market (Association, 2009). Coming up with a strong joint venture is also very relevance in coping with current global competition. The capital m arket in United Arab Emirates is also very active. The countys capital market is open to international investors. As a result of this, investing in United Arab Emirates will increase the quality of MTN shares in international market. In the recent past, the government has enhanced adequate foreign and trade market relationship. It has partnered with several international business bodies to enhance free flowing global market. Additionally, there are several trade fairs in the country w

CH8 disscussion questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CH8 disscussion questions - Essay ExampleMore so, the savant whitethorn be reject and lack for motivation when completing other tasks during other classes. It can be more beneficial to acquiesce the two types of praises making major focus on praising social movement rather than ability. It is also all-important(prenominal) to stress that children can develop the ability if they work hard and next time other students may come up with quick and correct answers.Clearly, time is precious and some educators simply fail to direct classroom time into development of certain skills that can help students to learn more effectively. Nonetheless, it is essential for a teacher to make sure that students acquire the necessary knowledge and skills. An effective strategy can withdraw giving group tasks. Working in a group will enable a student to observe the way other students work and he/she will be able to use like strategies in the future. Clearly, it is important to make sure that each g roup includes slow students as well as bright students. Apart from that, educators have to devote some time to teaching students to use certain learn strategies. Thus, when giving an assignment, it is possible to engender students several minutes to discuss strategies they are going to use to do their tasks. The teacher should give some advice and highlight strengths and weaknesses of approaches mentioned. Sometimes a teacher may simply give some tips on completing a task.Willingham (2009) names several strategies that can be applied when circumstances students to catch up. One of them is quite controversial as asking a student to devote a fixed time to do assignments may be counterproductive since the student may sit with books simply think of something else (Willingham, 2009, p. 186). First, it is crucial to make the student understand that he/she will need extra effort to catch up. It is important to add that the student should also understand the importance of catching up. A sking a student to read more or do more tasks

Laptops in School Essay Example for Free

Laptops in School EssayPower on the new cover of the future. Students should be able to have a laptop computer for schoolwork instead of carrying a binder and victimization paper for everything they are assigned to do. First of all, preparation would be more than fun to do on a laptop. Students would be able to put more detail into their work as well as show their personality beca procedure of all the features and applications within a computing device. Paper assignments on worksheets and bookwork dont add this opportunity. This would be fun as bookmans would to be able to create, answer questions, and study if students had the access a computer brings. Secondly, students will find that turning in homework on time is easier with a laptop than traditional paper assignments. A college student said, Using laptops will help students with their grades. Once a student completes the assignment, he or she bottom simply email it to the teacher. Students will not have the excuse of losing the assignment, forgetting it or having a dog eat the homework.Using paper means cutting down trees. Laptops should be a students friend. Statistics prove a third point. Statistics show that using laptops in school increases students grades. Going more in depth in assignments is what students will do if they have laptops. Also, students have a better hazard of turning in their work and therefore grades will improve. Teachers and parents continue to complain that grades drop because students are sense little and dont remember to turn in homework when it is due.Statistics also show that todays teens are so involved in every aspect of technology, they would embrace the opportunity to simply use their skills with computers and homework. A student at Brigham Young University who uses his laptop daily, said, Laptops are required in college. When using laptops, assignments can be graded quickly because of automated grading done by the computer. Turning in homework through a comp uter would allow quicker feedback to students. The quick feedback would allow a teacher to leave what students are struggling with. Plus, a laptop is better than using paper.Paper is a waste of trees. most 144,000 trees get cut down each day. Cutting down trees is what is done to get paper. The less trees we have, the less oxygen we have. Finally, laptops will reduce that cutting down of trees in the future predicting a longer liveliness for the earth. In college it is required for students to have laptops. So why not start using laptops now? around of the work we do in middle school and high school is for college and life after college. The laptop will become a students best friend, mentor, helper, and environment saver.

Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

educational activity of Purpose EssayTo whom it may concern,Im a student at Paris Polytechnic University specializing in ready reckoner Science. Right from the very introductory time I heard closely your double degree programme I was very interested. Not only given the opportunity to study a year abroad, immersing myself into other culture, but also receiving an american masters degree by a top institution would real add a lot of value to my professional options.The more I found out about it the more I believed it a perfect check out for me. This last year I complemented my studies with an internship at Accenture engineering Solutions. During this internship I realized that although Ive always enjoyed my studies in Computer Science I needed also to prolong my knowledge with business subjects. Thats how I finally decided for the Masters in Computer Science with strong point in Business.The summer before university I went to Johns Hopkins University for their Pre-College Summer Student Program where I studied computer programing in Java and Astronomy so I feel confident Ill be equal to adapt to having classes in English and done in the american learning style which implies more function done from the student.During my years in university Ive always enjoyed the extra-curricular activities offered by my school. I get together the Rugby team the first year and for the last two was appointed second captain and responsible for the teams trainings. Afterwards I joined the photography and film club where I was able to share my interest about movies with others. On my third gear year I valued to help organize our university trip to Mexico, so I took the duties of treasurer and helped ascending money to cheapen the trip. Doing so many activities helped me better manage my time and learn to prioritize in site to never neglect my studies.The experience I got during my internship made me think about what I wanted to do after I got my degree and because I enjoyed it so much I think consulting could be a very good option but as Ive stated before in order to pursue that I would need to complement my technological knowledge with business and managerial subjects which is why I believe IIT, the Computer Science with Business specialization Masters and me are a perfect fit for each other.Ive already taken the tests required for admission and believe I have scores supra the minimum stated for this program so I really hope you take my candidacy into amity since Im really looking forward to study at your institution.

An Annotated Bibliography Essay Example for Free

An Annotated Bibliography EssayChin, Jean Lau. (2004). The psychological science of Prejudice and Discrimination. Westport, CT Greenwood Publishing Group This hold in discusses the effects of prejudice and discrimination on the soulfulness and ones participation in society as a whole. The relevant section in this book discusses the unique plight of gay or bisexual lightlessnessened men that have to eff with homophobia as well as racism. Of special note is the section in which sexual orientation a good deal has a negative effect on the career development of umteen gay sullen men. This is an elicit resource since most of the material on the subject does not address the secondary sub-category of sexual orientation (Chin, 2004). Daniels, C. (2004). Black Power Inc. The New Voice of Success. Hoboken John Wiley Sons C. Daniels Black Power Inc. is a book of medium length that explores the phenomenon of black people placing a growing emphasis on economic or else than politi cal power. The book is geared toward young to middle-aged black paid men and women, who are work While Black (WWB). C.Daniels writes for Fortune magazine with an extensive history in writing about the soci subject dynamics inherent in big businessespecially as it relates to the unique issues black men and women face in the corporate world (Daniels, 2004). Davis, G. Watson, G. (1982). Black Life in Corporate America move in the Mainstream. Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press Although written twenty-seven years ago, this account by Davis Watson (1982) is tacit relevant in chronicling the early stages of Black integration into corporate American life.The book describes the upstream struggles of ameliorate black professionals as they attempt to make a living commensurate with their skills. While also detect the lesser tolerance of open bigotry in the workplace, certain jokes and comments are often alienating to black men (Davis Watson, 1982). Gates, Henry Louis. America behi nd the Color Line. New York Warner Books, 2004 This book contains interviews from several powerful black men including Russell Simmons, Quincy Jones, Vernon Jordan, Colin Powell and Morgan Freeman.Written by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. , one of the premier scholars of African-American studies today. This book shows the assortment of successful Black men from the corporate and political arenas to the performing arts and community activism, and discusses triumphs and challenges. A in truth good read for anyone studying black achievement (Gates, 2004). Livers, A. Caver, K. A. (2002). Leading in Black and White working(a) across the Racial Divide in Corporate America. Hoboken John Wiley SonsThis book by Livers Caver (2002) describes the challenges faced by Blacks who occupy a higher level on the corporate ladder (i. e. managerial positions). They challenge the favourite assumption that black leaders have the same issues as white leaders, and underscore the problems of trust many black men have with their white colleagues because of lack of common experiences. This book was intended for black managers that privation help in continuing to navigate the system (Livers Carver, 2002). Merida, K. (2007). Being a Black Man At the Corner of Progress and Peril.Washington Public Affairs This is a collection of essays about the personal and professional struggles of black men in America. Many points of view deal with identity intersections of different roleshusband, father, employee, and businessmanas well as dreams and ambitions. This book generated a great deal of interest in the reading normal as it offers a personal glimpse of the realities of black life. K. Merida is a reporter for the Washington Post, and was thus able to use his credentials to find many contributors to this volume (Merida, 2007). Van Horne, W. A. (2007).The Concept of Black Power Its act Relevance. Journal of Black Studies, 37(3), 365-389 This is a study of the growth of Black Power in America as the middle-class grows slowly and quietly. Even though over time, black people have gained more well-behaved rights in America, there is still a significant lag between them and the white majority. However, W. A. Van Horne notes that the black underclass often overshadows the slow, but inexorable growth of the black middle class. He also raises questions of whether the black power movement is still relevant (Van Horne, 2007).

Network Consultant Scenarios Essay Example for Free

Network Consultant Scenarios establishComplete Case Projects 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 of Guide to Networking Essentials. After determining if a client-based or client/ boniface toughie will be utilize, substantively justify your choice in 200 to 300 words.Case Project 3-1The changes in equipment that are required to bring this companys profits up to date to solve the shared bandwidth problem is replacing the hubs with fast ethernet switches and a router. You could make subnets for all(prenominal) department of the company, creating different collision domains which would kill dropped packets. The withput would be increased based upon the upgraded switch/router. Also Setup a file server to gillyflower the large files. I would the issue of this problem by using a mesh topology and agitate over 300Ft of Cat 5 cable to a single point. You could also run the cable through metal conduits along walls or on the floor or you could always implement a radio system to solve the ceiling iss ue.Case Project 3-2The topology that should be used in this network is an extended adept topology because it is a bit more advanced than the regular star topology. so unityr of connecting all devices to a exchange unit, sub-central devices are added in. This allows more functionality for organization. The Extended Star Topology is all exactly necessary to prevent degraded signals and it is also better for bigger networks. Also the network would be server based because connection will be coming from one central point for all computers allowing for reading to be shared between users. There will be as many computers needed for each user of the company, E.biz had 250 computers and five servers so I would probably stick with the 250 computers. The easiest device to reconfigure in an extended star topology would be computers because they would be the last to be connected in the topology. The device that offers the best rise to power to the network mediums bandwidth would be the hubs connected to the central point because it will be the meat man between thecomputer and central point device.Case Project 3-3This network will be server based because since employees need to access company information and it can be confidential the warranter level on using a server based network will help dictation the access of files. There would need to be at least 45 computers connected to the network for the 25 users in the front of the factory and 20 for the workstations on each factory floor.The topology to be used in this case would be physical star topology because all connections will come from one central point, since there are many areas of the factory that will need connection having a central point for connection makes more sense.

The benefits associated with exercising Essay Example for Free

The benefits associated with exercising Essay1. Exercising lowers your risk for diseaseTheres no question losing weight is good for your health, and kicking your fitness up a notch has even great benefits. Regular elaborate has been shown to boost mood and banish anxiety, and lower your risk for stroke, Type 2 diabetes and sealed types of trickcer. It can also help you fall asleep quicker, and into a deeper sleep ( only if preceptort wreak too close to bed temporary hookup). All great reasons to get your body moving on a insouciant basis* It burns off blood sugarRecent Czech research showed that three months potentiality training improved insulin sensitivity in men with insulin resistance. A British study confirmed that exercise was linked to reduced metabolic syndromeand that people who were unfit to start with benefited even more from the physical bodily function than those who were reasonably fit when they started.* It controls weight physical exercise burns calorie s so you lose, or at least dont gain, weight. A recent study showed that among people whose BMI averaged 41 (thats morbidly obese) those who lost serious 7 percent of their body weight through regular exercise regained healthy blood squeeze and triglyceride levels, and the inflammation in their arteries dropped by between a quarter and a third, even though their BMI restrained averaged 38 (still too high). Numerous studies score confirmed that you dont need to be airless to be physically fit.* It cuts total cholesterolThe major and most important effect of exercise is to burn down levels of good cholesterol, thus reducing total cholesterol levels. An international review of multiple studies revealed that adding exercise to a weight-loss diet not only raised the good cholesterol but also increased the benefits of the weight-loss curriculum and reduced triglycerides and blood obligate.* It reduces your tinder rateEvery 60 seconds, the average couch potatos heart beats 70 to 7 5 times. An active persons heart, on the other hand, is so strong that it can pump the same amount of blood in only 50 beats. Thats 36,000 fewer beats every day and 13 million fewer by the end of skilful one year. Exercise strengthens your heart and saves it having to work at a higher rate all the time.* It breaks toughened habitsIn a study of 280 women, U.S. researchers found that those who gave up smoking were twice as likely to remain smoke-freeand gained half as much weightas those who gave up without exercising.* It lifts stress and sadnessThe confident(p) effects of exercise on mood were demonstrated in a British study where inactive adults were randomly assigned to moderate intensity aerobic exercise, stretching exercises or none at all, for 12 weeks. Those in the moderate intensity group reported reduced tension, anxiety and confusion. The others did not. Additionally, a Berlin study revealed that just 30 minutes a day of exercise can be more effective than antidepress ant drug drugs in treating depression. Exercise stimulates the brain to produce endorphinsthe bodys feel good hormones. It has two other advantages it acts immediately and has few harmful or dangerous side effects.* It could save your lifeAccording to the ground Health Organization, inactivity causes 2 million deaths worldwide annually and is a major factor in breast and colon cancer, diabetes and heart disease. The World Hear Federation believes that inactivity is as bad for you as smoking a pack of cig atomic number 18ttes a day. 2. Be a good role model baby obesity is becoming a serious problem. Approximately 26 percent of Canadian kids aged 2-17 are overweight or obese. Even scarier, stats show that for the first time ever, todays children will have a unforesightfuler life expectancy than their parents. With school gym programs being reduced andscreen time on the rise, we need to be our kids fitness role models. Encourage fitness by taking family walks after dinner, or trying out the Family Circus class.3. Exercise boosts energyWinded by grocery shopping or household chores? Regular physical activity can improve your muscle strength and boost your endurance. Exercise and physical activity deliver oxygen and nutrients to your tissues and help your cardiovascular system work more efficiently. And when your heart and lungs work more efficiently, you have more energy to go slightly your daily chores.4. Fully jazz the things you loveThe more fit you are, the easier it will be for you to take part in the activities you enjoy. Whether its divergence for a hike and experiencing the outdoors, or playing with the kids, youll find yourself more able to keep up, and less short of breath.5. Ease back pain and improve your postureA daily regimen of stretches and exercise can also do wonders for your back. By strengthening your core abdominal muscles, youll increase your overall strength, taking the pressure away from your back and helping to alleviate any existing back pain.6. Take some time for yourselfWhether its an early morning jog, an afternoon cycle class or a late darkness walk with the dog, solo exercise gives you the opportunity to have a few moments of peace and quiet, think about future goals, and take some much-deserved you time. Its also the perfect excuse to listen to your favourite soundtrack while you work out

No Pain No Gain Essay Example for Free

No Pain No Gain EssayHow much of you hurt had to sacrifice your time or change your plans to go and do something else like go utilisation or live on something? What is pain?What is shoot?In my family my mama, dad, and sister had to constantly had to sacrifice their time to complicate to their goal. It took them a lot of time, blood, and sweat to reach where they are right without delay. I am the only star in my family that hasnt worked hard at something and continuously to eviscerate somewhere. I dont be possessed of the best grades, I dont have the best skills at sports, Im not the nicest person, and Im not the most popular guy. I havent been working rattling hard to accomplish anything I havent spue in a lot of time, blood, and sweat into anything I havent had any pain so I havent authentically gained anything Wrong I am evermore gaining something, I might not know it but any second I gain something My dad has gone by means of a lot of trouble in his life he w as born in the village of Taputimu in Samoa and then when he was five his mom and dad (my grandma and grandpa) moved to Hawaii. When they got here they were very poor they had to live in the housing.Read much No Pain No Gain StoryMy dad sometimes wouldnt eat because they were so poor, and sometimes he would have to make bad choices and go steal from the store to go get food for his mom and dad. My dad was raised in the bad parts of Hawaii he went to coach at McKinley high school. For him to stay out of trouble he started boxing he trained and worked hard, put time, blood, and sweat into boxing. He had pain and he surely gained from it. He learned from all his life lessons and now pushes my sister and I to something that we like and he helps us until we have gained something he we usually gain backer and much respect.My sister (Masha) shes a freshman at UCLA my dad has pushed her so much she went through with(predicate) a lot of pain mentally and physically and she physically ga ined a lot. My dad would take her to practice seven days a week for more than 3 hours. My dad put my sister through so much pain he started to feel less like a dad and more like a coach but my sister wanted to go through thispain she state her dream was to become a pro athlete and she didnt want my parents to pay money for her to go to school. With her hard work and motivation shes a remodel to me and she went through a lot. Her hard work and pain paid off she got a scholarship to play softball at UCLA.This quote/ motto is in my life so much. This quote/saying is in everyones life, everyone has pain and everyone has a gain sometimes you are not able to tell what the gain is. In my life there is always pain emotional or physical I need to push through everything that is bringing me down. Although I have a god to help me and great teachers, a great family that pushes me to meet expectations, and super great friends that are always by my side even though I may be a jerk, irritating or annoying. Without pain life would be different, life wouldnt be life, it would be a utopia. What do you think life would be without pain? Think about it

Human Resources Management In Small and Medium Enterprises Essay Example for Free

merciful resourcefulnesss trouble In short and Medium Enterprises analyzeIntroductionCompetitive advantage to a devoted accrues from the judicious employment of ternion basic types of options, to witPhysical Capital Resources, such(prenominal) as Finances, Plant and EquipmentOrganizational Capital Resources Structure and systems in the ecesis adult male Capital Resources, which include the skills, competencies, hear and intelligence of employees.1Human resources atomic number 18 among the near valuable resources that an governing utilises and hence its splendour to any geological formation depose be easily beneathstood. modest-to-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) ar no riddance to this rule, although this aspect is frequently lost sight of. This paper examines the role and sizeableness of Human Resources in SMEs, and comp ars SMEs from both different cultural backgrounds Taiwan and the UK.Role of Human Resources in SMEsThe theatre of operations of human re sources trouble in SMEs demand to be strongly encouraged. CEO/founders in SMEs view human resource management decisions as very important to the provoketh of their enterprises2A study into the perception of important HR issues in minute(a) organizations showed that perish six issues were wage rates, avail force of quality written reporters, government regulation, training, benefits, and job security3 The role of Human Resources in SMEs is to contri providede meaningfully to organisational objectives in a flexible and demanding environment.Lack of strategic employee management is widely genuine as characteristic of nonaged enterprises. Decision- make has been perceived to be of relatively minuscule-term nature comp ard to larger organisations, do polished enterprises to a great extent(prenominal) flexible and less conflict-prone. At the same time, this also means that the advantages of long-term readiness such as great efficiency and effectiveness are lost. On the hu man resources front, this means that such organisations tend to have reduced capability to attract, retain and motivate the scoop out human resources.This becomes important in view of the fact that out of thousands of sensitive businesses that are established forevery year, only a fewer manage to survive in the long-term. While long-term planning and HR strategy are non the only reasons for this, they are among the important reasons. Hence an examination of the HR function as a strategic part of business, and its relevance to long-term planning, is in order. In addition, the role of recruitment and selection, training, and sufficeance management, are also relevant to any discussion on the role of human resources.Planning and Human Resources prudence strategical planning for the organisation needs to be linked to individual goals. In turn, this means that the job intent should take into account the long-term objectives of the organisation. A framework for strategic management incorporating HRM involves developing a committal statement that answers questions of what businesses the organisation is in determining goals that are general and long term and establishing objectives that are short term and measurable. It should also encompass a complete SWOT analysis that incorporates HRM as a structural unit of analysis.4One of the essential requirements of Human Resources Planning is proper job design. Human resources planning involves the twinned of the knowledge and skills that are likely to be required in future with those that it has or will have. Human Resources Planning will help the organisation to estimate critical resource requirements, plan training and teaching needs, and link individual goals to organizational objectives. cable design involves specifying the characteristics of the job and the requirements such as skills for makeing these jobs. Job design will thus provide the framework for a host of HR planning activities that potty be linke d to organizational objectives.5Recruitment and SelectionOnce the plans of the organization are clear the coterminous important issue that any organisation needs to address is to get the right staff to weapon the plans. Surveys indicate that about 25 per cent of small businesses view the lack of qualified workers as a threat to their expansion and very survival.6 The problem assumes particular splendour in the case of small enterprises because they nearly always have a problem in attracting and retaining the best talent. This is partly due to the fact that they are unable to compete with larger firms for quality staff, because it is impossible for them to match the rewards and prestige that come along with positions in larger firms. Additionally, smaller firms have a reputation for beingness oriented towards a hire and go off culture.TrainingOnce the plans are clear, and the recruitment of the right people has been completed, it becomes necessary to motivate the staff, as hyg ienic as to enable them to perform their tasks efficiently.This requires periodic training of the employees. Training is important in the case of small enterprises because they are more than prone to ever-changing environments and higher attrition rates. This makes it necessary for people to be more flexible, and to be trained in all aspects of the business. While the need for training of staff is thus greater in the case of a small enterprise, it is also accompanied by greater constraints that make it more concentrated for these organisations to implement training programmes. depleted organisations give twain constraints in t his respectTheir calculate for training may be more limited, and they may lack the necessary resources to carry out such trainingIt is more difficult for small enterprises to spare their people for training programmes.In spite of the higher up limitations, however, small enterprises need to concentrate more on training, as it is an investment that need s to be done. It has been suggested that top performing companies are distinguished by their higher spending on training and development.7 movement troublePerformance Management includes work and job design, reward structures, the selection of people for work, the training of these employees, assessment of work performance and policies associated with rewarding and improving performance.8Performance Appraisals are an important part of Performance Management and are useful in improving performance, assist HR planning, and identify development needs and potential for promotion. atrophied businesses, in general, lack a orchis performance appraisal system. The disadvantages of not using structured and formal appraisal systems are that appraisals, and the consequent rewards, are often subjective, and may promote greater dissatisfaction.Consequently, appraisal systems and Performance Management play an important role in determining the alignment of HR planning with organisational goals , and ensuring that a proper climate is available for the achievement of the objectives. In developing formal performance appraisal systems, small businesses not only are able to ensure that performance management may become strategically aligned with organisational goals, but also increase accountability, decrease under-utilisation of human resources, address concerns of productivity, and decrease employees concerns about equity and accuracy.9In addition, the salaries and rewards that are offered as part of the employment and the management of diversity within the workforce are important considerations for any organisation. These have a greater significance in the case of small organisations.As can be seen from the above, the role of Human Resources management in small organisations is an important one that needs to be soundly understood and implemented with care.One interesting extension to the role of HR management in small to medium industries is the use of Balanced Score Card s, which are normally viewed as the unshared tool of large industries. The Balanced Score Cards approach shifts the focus to long-term growth, and includes measures of operational efficiency, node satisfaction and employee related measures. The Balanced Score Card method thus includes a part of HR Management to assess the overall performance of the organisation.In a case study that included trine SME organisations, Gumbus and Lussier present some interesting conclusions that have significance for the HR function in SME companies. The cases also resolve to highlight the importance of HR in SME companies and the link mingled with performance and HR. One of the three companies cited in the case is Futura Industries, an international caller-out based in Clearfield, UT with 230 employees. It has over 50 years of experience in aluminium extrusion, finishing, fabrication, machining and design.The company believes that the two competitive weapons that put them ahead of competition are their ability to hire and retain the best people and their devotion to the customer. Futuras President, Susan Johnsons belief that committed and truehearted employees make the difference has led the company into using the Balanced Score Card method. In the actors line of Ms. Johnson, the company had all the financial metrics, lots of customer measures, and got ISO accredited three years ago but it is our employees that differentiate us from all another(prenominal) extrusion companies.10A Comparison of SMEs in the UK and TaiwanA study by Lin found that successful SMEs in Taiwan place greater emphasis on soft skills and attitudes rather than on hard skills. He infers that SMEs in Taiwan seemed to have a split up grasp of its human resources. Whenever SMEs modernize equipment, alter production processes, revise compensation policies, and engage in other reorganisation activities, they take pains to handle employees responses and feelings with special care and invest heavily in sk ills development.11 agree to Hu, the Human resource scenario in Taiwan is specifyd by abundance of entrepreneurs and availability of high quality professionals. Hu traces this to the importance laid on education by Chinese, and the large-scale injection of high quality human resource into the island in the aftermath of the retreat into, and subsequent withdrawal from, Taiwan of the KMT government. In addition, the Chinese population has contractable from its ancestors the qualities of hard working, brotherhood, strong family ties, competition, and similar attributes that form the basis for strong family businesses.12According to McKenna Beech, the following values characterise the Asian HR scene13Politeness and courtesyEmphasis on personal relationship non losing faceHarmony- avoidance of open conflictPredominance of group interests over individual interestsDiscipline and respect for sanction and for eldersNormative, rather than externally imposed controlTrust and interchangea ble help in business relationships centralization and authoritarianismAs against the above, the HR scenario in Europe is characterised by the following features14Pluralism as against unitarismCollectivism and well-disposed orientation instead of individualism, with the emphasis being on national, rather than individual, interestsLegal framework firing is more difficult affectionate Partnership Employment security, protection of workers rights, and representation of workforce through trade unions.Social Responsibility Concern for environment and other social obligationsTolerance for diversityRecognition of complexity and ambiguity.The characteristics enumerated under Asian values represent the Taiwanese scene, and the scenario in Europe is representative of the UK. From the above, it can be seen that the SMEs in Taiwan are formed with reliance on individual assistance, based on respect for authority, with impudence and mutual relationships as the supporting factor.In the UK, and ot her European countries, it is the legal framework that gives the necessary authorization and support to the business rather than trust. In Taiwan authority is enforced, and followed, because it is natural to the culture. In the UK, the legal aspects are augmented by incarnate bargaining with a recognized trade union to achieve this purpose. Taiwanese take great care to handle employees feelings appropriately whenever major decisions need to be taken. This is replaced by collective bargaining and more formal communication in the UK.SMEs predominate in Taiwan, whereas larger firms represent the more prevalent form of business in the UK.SMEs constituted 99.43 part of Taiwans total manufacturing firms in 1954, the highest level ever recorded 95.26 percent in 1976, the lowest and 98.07 percent in 1996. Among them, the smallest firms, employing fewer than 10 persons, accounted for 90 percent of all firms in the manufacturing sector in the 1950s.15On the other hand, SMEs generate roughl y one the skinny of the GDP of the UK. The generation of employment by SMEs varies from sector to sector, the highest being in the construction sector with 84% of the employment being generated by this sector. The SME sector, which was declining up to 1970, picked up momentum thereafter, and showed a rising trend till 1994. Since 1994, the number has remained constant.16As can be seen from these figures, the SME sector is less dominant in the UK than in Taiwan.why Human Resources are important in firmsThe resource-based view of organisations explains variations in firm performance by variations in firms human resources and capabilities17 profligates can gain competitive advantage by generating specific knowledge and skills that are difficult to imitate. This can be achieved through human capital development. The importance of Human Resource Development in small firms is thus self-evident they help the firms to succeed by being competitive. In a study of more than 100 small enter prises in two towns from Germany, Rauch et al found that human resources are fundamentally important and an optimal utilization of skills and knowledge increases small business growth. 18In order to harness this important resource and ensure it gives the best returns, an organisation needs to select its employees with care. It is expected that as firms grow, the skills and abilities required to perform various functions and activities no longer would be available from the familiar and informal recruitment sources preferred by the owner-manager19Apart from recruitment, other functions such as Training and Development, Performance Appraisal, and formal procedures and documentation help the organisation in improving efficiency. According to Kotey and Slade, Benefits of formal HRM practices include meeting legal requirements, maintaining records in support of decisions in the event of litigation, treating employees fairly, and increasing efficiency. 20A study by Kotey and Slade involvin g more than 1300 small firms in Australia showed that as firms grow they tend to introduce formal HR practices and procedures. In the words of the authors, While the analyses show that a momentous percentage of SMEs implement formal HRM practices with growth, HRM remains informal in the majority of firms, particularly in small firms. It could be that implementation of formal HR structures and procedures necessary to support growth differentiates successful from unsuccessful SMEs.21In a small organisation, people need to be more flexible and undertake a greater variety of jobs. This needs both motivation and skills. In turn, many employees may get better motion-picture show and greater opportunities to learn and shoulder higher responsibilities in a small firm. All of these underline the importance of Human Resources Management in organisations, particularly small firms.The HRM model is composed of policies that promote mutual goals, influence, respect, rewards and responsibleness between employees in the organisation.22 These policies are promoted by practices such as team working, aligning performance objectives with organisational goals, and a flat organisation structure, all of which can be achieved only through a proper Human Resources Management in the organisation.Survey Research findings have confirmed the theoretical position with the conclusion that estimable HR systems is a source of competitive advantage. One study has shown that higher performance in a number of areas is correlated to right(a) HR systems and practices. Companies that had significantly higher ratings on their HR practices also describe better market value, higher accounting profits, higher growth rates, better sales per employee, and lower employee turnover. other study has found that newly started companies had a better survival rate if they had good HR practices. The prospect of survival was found to vary by as much as 42% between the firms with the best HR practices and re wards, and those with the worst. Yet another study found that performance of the organisation was strongly linked with practices such as acquisition and development of skilled people, better job design, better autonomy, and positive employee attitude. All these studies all the way show that good HR could positively impact organisational performance practices, highlighting the importance of Human Resources in an organisation.Apart from improving performance good HR practices result in lower costs, while piteous practices increase the costs to the organization. One of the contributing factors for this is the cost of employee turnover.Interviewing and training recruits has significant out-of-pocket costs for the employer. replenishment an employee involves expenses for Separation, Replacement, and Training. 23Employee turnover costs can be divided into three major elementsSeparation costs These are the costs that are directly incurred when an employee leaves the firm, and include su ch costs as exit interviews, administrative and paperwork costs, expenditure of separation benefits, and revenues lost due to shortage of staff.Replacement Costs These represent the cost of replacing the employee who has left field and include the costs of advertising, sourcing, interviewing and selection.Training Costs These are the costs that the company incurs for training and induction of a new employee. Apart from the actual expenditure on these activities, the costs of loss of efficiency in the sign stages, and the time lost during the training period should also be considered.Thus employee turnover could represent a fairly high cost to the organisation. Employee turnover can be classified into avoidable and unavoidable turnover. close of the avoidable turnover results from lack of proper HR initiatives.24How computable/Bad employees affect the firmA good employee is possibly the most valuable asset a small firm or SME can consume a liberal one could ruin the enterprise. 25 Any firm, and more importantly a small firm, can ill afford to have people who do not perform.Robert Townsend, a noted Management expert was once asked the secret behind his ability to take over loss making firms, and changing them into profitable ones. The reply that he gave will be of interest to anyone asking how good or bad employees make or mar the firm. Mr. Townsend identified three factors that contributed to his successReleasing the potential of employees so that they could perform at much higher levels by the practice of appropriate management stylesIdentifying people within the organisation who were blocking progress and preventing others from performing, and either changing their ways, or dismissing themIdentifying people who had the ability and drive to take the company to greater heights, and promoting them.It can be seen that this highly successful Management practitioner reduced success to three simple rules, namely, eliminating deadwood, promoting and encouraging those with potential and creating the right climate in the company. This clearly shows that apart from creating the right environment, the most important requirement for success is the quality of people. Good people could transform a loss making company into a profitable one.26Whether a firm is small or large, its only as good as its staff.27 This can be easily understood because the employees of the organisation make the vital difference between good and poor performance in every area. Apart from the demonstrated effect that this has on the firms performance, which has been cited earlier, this also stands to reason. A company depends on coordinated working by its employees towards a universal goal to achieve its objectives. In order to meet these objectives, the organisation has to do what it does well.In other words, the competence of its employees should be good if it wants to achieve results. Secondly, the soft skills of the employees are important to achieve internal teamwork as well as to nurture customers with excellent performance and service. Thirdly, the employees of the company need to work efficiently if it is to have a healthy bottom line. All these objectives can be achieved only with good employees who know their job and possess the necessary hard skills, have the necessary soft skills, and are committed to the companys success. In other words, a company needs good employees who have the right levels of knowledge, skills and attitudes.ConclusionHuman Resources Management in weakened-to-medium industries has been gaining a lot of attention lately. There is increased awareness among many of the SME entrepreneurs themselves about the importance of good HR practices and policies. It has been shown that organisations having formal Human Resources practices grow faster, and are more profitable, than those that do not do so.A comparison between SMEs in two countries, namely Taiwan and the UK, shows that the SME sector is more predominate in Taiwan, which is characterized by a culture that lays greater emphasis on group working, respect for authority, and mutual trust. This is contrasted by the UK situation where the SME sector is les pervasive, and the HR climate is characterised by formal and legal supports, collectivism, and social responsibility.Although the two situations are quite different from each other, the importance of formal HR systems in the SME segment is being recognised in both cases, and seem to affect performance positively, irrespective of the background.Works CitedA causal Analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(6) 2005 681+.Bennett, Roger. Small short letter Survival Strategies for Delivering ripening and Staying Profitable Second Edition. London, Financial Times Management, 1998.Burns, Paul. Entrepreneurship and Small Business. unfermented York, Palgrave, 2001.Griffith, Roger W and Hom, Peter W. Retaining Valued Employees. London, Sage Publications, 2001.Gumbus, Andra, and Robert N. Lussier . Entrepreneurs Use a Balanced Scorecard to fork out Strategy into Performance Measures. daybook of Small Business Management 44(3) 2006 407+.Heneman, Robert L., Judith W. Tansky, and S. Michael Camp. Human Resource Management Practices in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Unanswered Questions and Future Research Perspectives. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25 (1) 2000 11.Holbeche, Linda. Aligning Human Resources and Business Strategy. Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.HRD in Small Organizations, Edited by Graham Beaver Jim Stewart. revolutionary York, Routledge, 2004.Hu, Ming-Wen. umpteen Small Antelopes Make a Dragon. Futures 35(4) 2003 379+.Kotey, Bernice, and Peter Slade. Formal Human Resource Management Practices in Small Growing Firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 43 (1) 2005 16+.Lin, Carol Yeh-Yun. Success Factors of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Taiwan An Analysis of Cases. Journal of Small Business Management, 36(4) (1998) 43.McKenna, Eugene and Beech, Nic. Human Resource Management, A Concise Analysis. Essex, Pearson Education Limited, 2002Megginson, David, Banfield, Paul, and Joy-Mathews, Jennifer. Human Resource Development. Kogan Page India Pvt. Ltd., recent Delhi, 2001.Rauch, A., Frese, M., Utsch, A. Effects of Human Capital and Long-Term Human Resources Development and Utilization on Employment harvest-festival of Small-Scale BusinessesSatava, David. The A to Z of Keeping Staff Few Firm Employees Leave without a Good Reason-Heres How Not to Give Them One. Journal of Accountancy 195 (4) 2003 67+.1 L. Holbeche, Aligning Human Resources and Business Strategy, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001, pp.10-11.2 R.L. Heneman, T.W. Judith and S. M. Camp. Human Resource Management Practices in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Unanswered Questions and Future Research Perspectives. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 25(1) (2000) p. 113 HRD in Small Organizations, Edited by Graham Beaver Jim Stewart, New York, Routledg e, 2004, p. 81.4 Ibid, p815 Ibid6 ibid, p827 ibid, p 858 ibid, p 899 ibid, p 8910 A. Gumbus and R. N. Lussier. Entrepreneurs Use a Balanced Scorecard to Translate Strategy into Performance Measures, Journal of Small Business Management, 44(3) 2006 p.407.11C.Y. Lin. Success Factors of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Taiwan An Analysis of Cases. Journal of Small Business Management, 36(4) (1998) p. 43.12 M. Hu. Many Small Antelopes Make a Dragon, Futures, 35(4) 2003 p. 379.13 E.McKenna and N. Beech. Human Resource Management, A Concise Analysis. Essex, Pearson Education Limited, 2002, pp.4-5.14 ibid15 M. Hu. P. 379.16 P.Burns. Entrepreneurship and Small Business. New York, Palgrave, 2001, p12.17 A. Rauch, M. Frese A. Utsch. Effects of Human Capital and Long-Term Human Resources Development and Utilization on Employment Growth of Small-Scale Businesses A Causal Analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(6) 2005 p681.18 ibid19 B.Kotey and P. Slade. Formal Human Resource Management Practices in Small Growing Firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 43(1) (2005) p.16.20 ibid21 ibid22 E. McKenna and N. Beech, p34-3523 D. Satava. The A to Z of Keeping Staff Few Firm Employees Leave without a Good Reason-Heres How Not to Give Them One, Journal of Accountancy, 195(4 ) 2003 p. 67.24 R. W. Griffith and P. W. Hom. Retaining Valued Employees, London, Sage Publications, 2001, p1025 R. Bennett. Small Business Survival Strategies for Delivering Growth and Staying Profitable Second Edition, London, Financial Times Management, 1998.26 D. Megginson, P. Banfield and J. Joy-Mathews. Human Resource Development. Kogan Page India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2001, p. 82.27 Satava, David. The A to Z of Keeping Staff Few Firm Employees Leave without a Good Reason-Heres How Not to Give Them One. Journal of Accountancy 195.4 (2003) 67+.

The book A Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free

The book A Christmas Carol EssayThe three ghosts add to the fashionableity of the unused. First of all they take Scrooge on a journey. This is popular because it gives a sense of adventure and adventure themes are very popular for role model Charlotte Bronti s Jane Eyre and Emily Bronti s Wuthering heights. The reason these adventures were so popular is because it is a journey through time. This is a new function for the Victorians which creates shock nowadays. We relate to this through television like doctor who. Also this makes scrooge change this makes it popular as its not all about visiting place, its about he reacts and changes. At the end of the novel scrooge has completely changed. He has changed from being old, miserable and mean to being kind and exhilarated (quote). In the first paragraph Dickens cleverly used scrooges voice to describe the room (quote). This makes us infer with him and receive his excitement. Dickens also uses repetition to emphasise scrooges la ugh (quote).He does this to make sure that the auditory sense has noticed that he is laughing. Scrooge also sends for a giant turkey for Bob cratchitt and gives the boy funds for getting it. He also pays for a cab so the delivery person doesnt have to defy it. This part of the novel shows how much scrooge has changed. He has become generous, kind and considerate. Next scrooge walks nearly the street greeting people. He also bumps into the charity collectors who he gave a huge contribution too.You produce to see that Dickens has cleverly repeated the events from stave 1, but made them chances for scrooge to be generous, for example the boy, the charity men, his nephew This has a huge effect on people and most of them are surprised and sharp for example the charity men. Cried the old gentleman. This is repeated to show his pleasure. Again this emphasises the point and makes us relate and feel the enthusiasm and joy.

Sisterly Love Essay Example for Free

Sisterly Love EssayIn Bernhard uncivils literary criticism, Sophocles Antigone, he presents the reader with elements of questionable motive and incest, not readily seen by most. Frank essentially believes that Antigones self-explanatory death wish comes from being the ill-fated bride (line 801) not of Haemon, but rather, of her deceased brother, Polyneices. Frank says that, it is as the bride of her polish off brother that Antigone may see herself (Frank, pg1). Frank use of goods and servicess Antigones immobility to Haemon and excessive cope of her brother as support for his argument. Frank suggests that it would be reasonable to expect Antigone to want to live to become the bride of Haemon. He says it would as salutary be reasonable to expect Antigone to wish for death if she were the intended bride for Polyneices. Frank goes even further with his incest supposition in implying that Antigone has incestuous feelings for her sister, Ismene. He mentions that the chorus in the play compares Antigone to her let, the waste daughter of a violent father (line 430) and that Creon says, if she triumphs / and goes unpunished, I am no man- she is (lines 439-440). Franks believes that Oedipus had inappropriate affections for his daughters and that Antigone, like her father allegedly did, has an excessive love for Ismene. Frank points out, that in the end when Ismene offers her support, Antigone turns her down and taunts her as one may do a leave lover. Frank feels that since Ismene has betrayed her, Antigone is all the more ready to join her brother in death.This is a fairly well written article. Frank uses a few specific examples and quotes that make his argument understandable, possibly even believable. However, his is use of terms such as may and could, make the reader question his ownership of this theory. It appears that he is petition the reader to just consider his line of thinking, rather than touchablely persuading the reader to believe as he do es. So while Franks argument is certainly interesting, and will likely cause a reader to pause and consider his theory, it is not likely to win many over. He only offers a few examples of why he feels as he does, and these examples could easily be interpreted differently.Antigones indifference to her betrothed is not necessarily indicative of her incestuous love of her brother, but only of her lack of real love for Haemon. Just because she was supposed to marry him, does not mean that she wanted to. She was ashamed and afraid of the damn put on her family, and wanted to escape that. Marrying her cousin/uncle was certainly not the way to end the family curse.Antigones treatment of her sister Ismene, is not that of a jilted lover, as Frank suggests, but just the disadvantage and anger that her sister did not choose to help her in the first place. She didnt want to trade the glory that the gods would certainly bestow upon her with her undeserving sister. This was an instance of sibl ing rivalry, and Antigone was acting as a miscarry child, but not a jilted lover.Franks argument that Antigone being like her father is evidence that she had incestuous feelings for her siblings is ridiculous. While Oedipus did commit incest with his mother, he did not know she was his mother when he matrimonial her. Antigone has known her siblings her entire life, and is very clear that she fears the family curse set in motion by her father, and wants to be out from under it. Antigone may be strong willed like her father, and may even have approximately masculine characteristics, for that time period (strong women today are not considered masculine), but that does not equal incest.Franks theory is certainly interesting, worth considering and definitely basis for discussion. However, there just isnt affluent evidence to back him up, and the evidence he does have is circumstantial at best.Works CitedFrank, Bernhard. Sophocles Antigone. Explicator 56.4 (1998) 170. Literary theatr ical role Center Plus. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Sophocles. Antigone. Trans.David Grene. The Norton Introduction to Literature. Eds. Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. 10th ed. New York Norton, 2010. Print. 1493.

Kudler Fine Foods Problem Statement Essay Example for Free

Kudler Fine Foods enigma Statement EssayThe following is a problem statement explaining what is soon wrong with Kudlers plans on intricacy, and how they can improve these plans. Introduction After reviewing the strategic plan for Kudlers Fine Foods it is obvious in that respect are several issues that will stunt the growth and victory of the organization. The company is suffering from a lack of counseling and poor organization planning. The issues that will be discussed are the poorly developed expansion and growth plans, and the lack of risk trouble in preparation of a competitor entering the mart. Problem Statement The attention at Kudler Fine Foods is planning on opening a new post when all of the current localisations are not successful, and the company has not do a proper epitome of the learn for their services in the area. Also Kudler is not prepared for factors that may decrease the lucreability of the company, or factors that can contribute to the failure o f a new location. Solution With the Del Mar location not producing profit as expected this is the location management should use to create a market research and digest plan.By using this location they will be capable to determine the factors that are hindering the success of this location and then develop ways to counteract those factors. The benefit is they will improve the business done at that location before opening a new location. By looking at factors want population, socio-economic status in locations surrounding area and health factors in the area can determine what the need are for the community. Management should also look to see where people are purchasing food in the community and what types of food and products are interchange at the local grocery.If there are bon vivant products selling out of the supermarket than that is a factor that needs to be accounted for. Once the market research is done Kudlers management can the focus on a risk management plan. Before a ri sk management plan can be established they must know what risk are out there and the market analysis and research will help the company determine what risk and challenges they face. Risk management is a part of a basic business plan, I see where flagellums are outlined in the strategic plan but there are no alternative plans to minimize each threat nor are there any plans for how to be competitive should a competitor arise.Kudler only considers other gourmet shops as competition they should also consider, grocery stores that sell gourmet foods a competitor. Then they should focus on how to maintain their existing book of business. If Kudler developed their website so customers could place orders online that would give them a way to extend while working on the risk management plans and the online based business would also help with the market research. A high concentration of orders coming from a specific location may be an indicator used to determine where to open a new store.Des ired Resolution Kudler Fine Foods will be able to expand all facets of the business and have a risk management plan in place to counter act competition entering the market. Kudler will expand in to locations where they will be successful. Kudler will also have an effective and efficient model for in store(predicate) expansion and growth. Conclusion The address of Kudler Fine Foods is expansion and growth while increasing profit and the current book of business.By doing the excess research and implementing a risk management program before opening a new location will increase the success of all three current locations and ensure the success of any future locations. It will also help Kudler organize and develop other facets of the business like the website. A junior-grade extra work goes along way and with the risk management plan in place and a new location market analysis model being used Kudler Fine Foods should be able to grow and meet all the organizations goals.

The Vietnam And Somalia Syndrome History Essay

The Vietnam And Somalia Syndrome History EssayDefining humane interposition has drive fraught with ambiguities since it has most recently been a veneer in handlings in Iraq and Afghanistan ex power facto. As Reiff asserts Wars waged by developed countries all aspire on a certain aim to improver intervention1The use of human-centredism justification as veil for case interests has clouded the terminology and preserve perceptions that humanisticism is a vehicle of Imperialism.2In order to frame the psychoanalysis, Holzgreffe qualifies humanitarian intervention as The curse or use of extract across state borders by a state (or group of states) aimed at preventing or ending widespread and grave violations of the fundamental human rights of singulars other than its own citizens.3Although humanitarian intervention is rarely purely altruistic, the desire to address violations of human rights beyond national interests should be the driving force.4This analysis aims to explore th e extent to which Vietnam and Somalia, devil conflicting form _or_ system of government interventions widely sensed as failures, have become synthesized into humanitarian intervention policy-making. As Robert Jervis argues, No intervention is discreet and separate each instance changes the governmental landscape in which the actors operate.5Therefore the analysis will explore how these historical analogies interacted and informed policy-making consciousness. By evaluating the extent to which policy makers viewed humanitarian crises through the historical lens, it will bear witness how every decision is part a answer to past outcome.6The analysis will retrace political implications of Vietnam in the Carter and Reagan era, leading to examine if George H.W Bushs assertion that the Gulf War winnerfully kicked the Vietnam syndrome held truth. Furthermore, it will argue that failures in Somalia can be united to Vietnam syndrome thus shaping foreign policy in Rwanda. It will argu e that historical legacy of Vietnam and Somalia had tether key repercussions for US humanitarian interventions it questi iodind the global US agency, it altered strategy by insisting on clear objectives and end goals and heightened the need for garnering public consensus. However, that historical factors can non be viewed in isolation, a confluence of brass level factors in the post-cold war period and individual factors also moulded episodes of humanitarian interest. Owing to the limited stove of the essay, the analysis will focus upon key case studies up until the Clinton era, although this is by no means an arrant(a) list of humanitarian interventions.The trope Vietnam has functioned as a metaphor for humiliation, exposing the limits of American power and capability on the international scene. Vietnam syndrome extended from a term to describe post traumatic stress experienced by veterans to encompass the political impact of the conflict on home soil, engendering a belief th at the joined States should reduce legions intervention abroad7. Amid the rising causalities, the loss of public consensus organized questions about the US voice in conflicts with limited national interest.8However, the way in which lessons from Vietnam were synthesized into foreign policy varied and often commingle into different strategies. In his Notre Dame Speech Carter recognised the moral void left by Vietnam trading it the best example of intellectual and moral poverty.9Across the left, Vietnam syndrome generally manifested itself in an aversion to military engagement venerate in which the US would become bogged down in a similar quagmire. As a result, the Democratic majority in Congress enacted the 1973 War Powers Resolution, restricting the president from sending U.S. troops into rubbish for more than ninety days without congressional consent.10By reasserting congressional authority over foreign policy making, it aimed to avoid keyization of decisions in the hands of a presidency to prevent another Vietnam scenario.11Conversely, the failure of Vietnam was perceived largely across the right as self-inflicted owing to the absence of strong leadership and substantial force thus contributing to the post-war decline. Reagans revisionist interpretation of Vietnam attributed self-doubt to the failure in Vietnam There is a lesson for all of us in Vietnam. If we are forced to fight, we must have the means and determination to prevail.12Thus he aimed to fasten the US social occasion to its pre-war status quo and dispel the image of US decline on the world stage.congressional refusal to authorise military intervention in Central America despite Reagans attempt to link humanitarian and national security interests, showed that Vietnam syndrome had trumped the Reagan Doctrine. The proxy war bolstering anti-communist allies and the reluctance to commit boots on the ground demonstrate that Vietnam had left a profound imprint on US strategy. In view of a possible Vietnam re-run in Central America, the Weinberger doctrine codified collective lessons from the Vietnam. It consisted of six tests to be used before the United States intervened including that vital interests must be at stake and congressional and public support must be obtained.13The clearest enunciation of military policy since Vietnam reflected how Vietnam syndrome had become integrated in US strategy, later informing the Powell doctrine.14Reagans substitution George H. W Bush, was acutely aware of the constraints Vietnam syndrome placed on foreign policy as referenced in his inauguration speech The final lesson of Vietnam is that no great nation can afford to be to be surrendered by memory.15Bush asserted that Vietnam was a case in point of how not to use military force, voicing particular criticism of Johnsons gradual escalation of firepower in Vietnam.16Bushs chance to exorcise Vietnam Syndrome came when Saddam Husseins military repression of Kurdish and Shiite upris ings prompted a mass exodus of refugees into Turkey and Iran. This was compounded by the closure of Turkeys borders, forcing thousands of Kurds to be trapped in the hostile mountain pass. Following international pressure, the US retracted its initial policy of non-intervention, founded on the fear it would make the U.S responsible for the government that emerged in Iraq.17Resolution 688 authorized military force to guarantee humanitarian organisations access to civilians in Iraq and was launched by declaring a no-fly zone and relief operation for the Kurds.18The intervention synthesized the lessons from Vietnam in two key ways. Firstly, the need to garner public support was met by Bush emphasising moral grounds, which were ambiguously delineated in Vietnam. Bush equated Saddam to Hitler revisited creating a good vs. evil frame through which public imprint could perceive the conflict.19He contended that I think the humanitarian c at oncern the refugee concern is so overwhelming tha t thither will be a lot of understanding about this.20The moral impetus of the US role as an upholder of humanitarian values, coupled with the United Nations Security Councils resolution appended legitimacy to intervention share to reinforce public support.Secondly, Vietnam syndrome had clear repercussions in Bushs strategy. The conditions for the use of force, stipulated in the Weinberg doctrine were becoming institutionalized with the Powell doctrine.21From an individual level of analysis Colin Powells beliefs exercise sets were influence by experiences as a Vietnam veteran , I was appalledfighting the war in Vietnam without ever pressing the political leaders to lay out clear objectives for them.22The Powell doctrine called for overwhelming force, once diplomatic means are exhausted, and a clearly defined exit strategy. The doctrines tenets are reflected in performance Provide Comfort wedded the USs reluctance to persuade Turkey to meet its international humanitarian obligat ions and light its borders, grounded in the fear of being sucked into a civil war.23Bushs advisers warned that broadening a U.S. mission to finding a solution to Kurdish identity could become a protracted business, ceding to mission creep similar with Vietnam.After the success of the Gulf war, Bush proclaimed By God, weve kicked the Vietnam Syndrome once and for all demonstrating the degree to which Vietnam had shaped foreign policy. Operation Provide Comfort had no doubt raised the nations confidence in its foreign policy and military leadership.24However Bushs eulogy of the syndrome was premature the conduct of humanitarian intervention, emphasising air-power and avoiding mission creep complied with the Vietnam syndromes central canons of using maximum force with minimal casualties which effectively institutionalized the syndrome rather than kicking it.25Equally, the military success is more likely to have triumphed the Powell doctrine rather than exorcising Vietnam Syndrome and concerns with intervention abroad.26Informed by the lessons of Vietnam, the Powell Doctrine built heavy reliance on fire-power, technology and a concrete exit strategy which blinded US policy makers to the complexity of the political terrain in Somalia.27Clinton inherited the Somalia intervention from the Bushs administrations involvement in UNISOM I which monitored the ceasefire in Mogadishu and escorted deliveries of humanitarian supplies. Making a clear distinction between his democratic engagement policy, Clinton dysphoric that intervention in Somalia was purely humanitarian The U.S. military mission is not now nor was it ever one of nation building.28However, the initial success was curtailed by the black-hawk down incident culminating in images of a dead US soldier dragged through the streets of Mogadishu, rekindling the latent casualty aversion left by the Vietnam vestige. This was exacerbated by the belief that Somalia was a low-risk humanitarian intervention and by the C NN effect of real-time news reports eliciting a strong emotional response amongst public opinion.29Amid rapidly deteriorating public and congressional support for the mission, Clinton announced the end of U.S. involvement in Somalia.The Somalia syndrome is inherently linked to Vietnam Syndrome as alluded to in diplomat Richard Holbrookes coining of Vietmalia syndrome30. The Powell Doctrine, stemming from the lessons of Vietnam, locked the US into a realist mindset that overwhelming force would puff success in combat operations, shifting the focus away from non-state actors.31Equally, limited objectives tethered by the dodging of mission creep prevented the mission expanding into a tougher approach to peace-keeping. These factors were incoherent with the deeply rooted political factors of the humanitarian crisis. Bushs assertion that Our mission was humanitarian we do not plan to dictate political outcomes32became untenable given that political reconstruction became inbuilt to hu manitarian interests this is evidenced when the purely humanitarian objective spiralled into pursuing a Somalia warlord.In their man-milieu hypothesis, Sprout and Sprout argue the context in which decision makers operate is formed by a variety of factors including history, culture and political institutions.33Clintons lack of military experience attracting criticisms of incompetence, his personal anti-Vietnam stance34and the republican majority in congress all interacted to shape the Somalia strategy.35The reluctance to commit troops to Somalia highlighted not yet how the spectre of Vietnam permeated the policy remit but also that the historical analogy coalesced with individual and home(prenominal) factors. This supports the initial argument that Vietnam syndrome was present amongst a confluence of other factors influencing foreign policy.In the first material of US peace-keeping role in the post- Cold War period, PDD 25 formally enshrined The Somalia Syndrome in US policy. It adumbrate specific criteria for US peacekeeping efforts and stipulated the US unwillingness to become involved in sub-national conflicts.36This precluded refusal to respond to the Rwandan genocide and supported the view that Somalia was a pivotal factor in influencing US policy making process.37The Somalia syndrome manifested itself in two key ways in US policy regarding Rwanda. Firstly, the public and political sphere viewed the inflorescence violence misguidedly through the Somalia lens. As Klinghoffer sustains The Somalia image of a failed state with random violence masked the developed premeditation and directing role of the Hutu extremists in the interim government.38This demonstrates that the historical proximity of the Rwandan genocide to Somalia became an analogical referent through which the events were seen in the frame work of a common African schema. That is to say, characteristics of the Rwandan genocide such as a failed-state and mass violence etc. were seen as syno nymous with Somalia. Des Forges argues the hopeless imagery created by Somalia, legitimized the policy inaction.39In this line of thought, congressional and public opinion perceived a repeat of the Somalia imbroglio as unacceptable to future peacekeeping operations. Secondly, Washington became wary of peacekeeping missions undertaken by other countries fearing a costly U.S entanglement and crossing the Moghadishu line from peacekeeping to combat operations.40This underscored a retreat from assertive multilateralism to a limited US role in peacekeeping g operations.Non-intervention in Rwanda demonstrates that the Somalia syndrome had profound effects for the first time in terms of defining the US role. As the sole superpower in the post-war era with supplement over United Nations, the unwillingness to demonstrate moral leadership in Rwanda restricted the parameters of US exceptionalism. Furthermore, policy makers responded to public casualty aversion in Somalia which consequently li mited strategy options in Rwanda where national interests were not articulated.41Vietnam and Somalia have become increasingly institutionalized ranging from the War powers act to PDD 25.42As outlined in the introduction, this has set a paradigm of redefining the US role in humanitarian interventions. By narrowing criteria for intervention, the Somalia Syndrome undermined the USs special role in New world Order envisioned by Bush.43Furthermore, the strategies which have evolved from lessons of Vietnam and Somalia have not be homogenous Reagans proxy wars, the Powell doctrine and non-intervention in Rwanda demonstrate how the historical milieu has interacted with system and individual level factors thus generating key differences between Vietnam and Somalia syndromes. Following Vietnam, the US wanted to avoid the Soviet Union capitalising on US entanglement in a Third World conflict. Conversely, as the worlds sole superpower in the post Cold-war era, in the aftermath of Somalia Washin gton downplayed the threat posed by failing states with no national interests. This is supported by the man milieu theory which shows that Individual factors such Clintons lack of experience in foreign policy and Powells Vietnam experience have interacted with the lessons of Vietnam to formulate humanitarian intervention policy.Finally, public support became intrinsic to granting the moral legitimacy lacking from Vietnam. The polarization of public and congressional opinion constrained future presidential policy options and exemplified the need to link national interests with humanitarian crises. A significant drop in American tolerance for battlefield causalities no longer justifiable in the post Cold-War era by the oppose against communism, forced Clinton to retreat from an earlier multilateral humanitarian agenda.44Historical analogies continue to inform foreign policy. Parallels between Vietnam and Afghanistan in terms of protracted insurgency, public hostility and scepticism o f a moral justification raise questions about the legacy of Afghanistan Syndrome on future humanitarian crises.